CJ Process
Measuring CrimeRates/CJ Process
Crime Theories
Criminal Law/The Court System
Criminal Procedure
100
The formal court proceeding in felony cases where the defendant is officially notified of the charges and asked to enter a plea is called a/an:
Arraignment
100
Which agency compiles the Uniform Crime Report
FBI
100
Diet, hormones, and contaminants are the causes of behavior in the ________ perspective.
Biochemical
100
What branch of law that defines crimes and their punishment?
Substantive Criminal Law
100
What level of proof is required for an officer to conduct a stop and frisk?
Reasonable Suspicion
200
What is the definition of a felony offense?
An offense where the POSSIBLE punishment is a year or more in prison
200
Where does the data in the UCR come from?
Local police departments
200
Brain structure, brain damage, and brain chemicals are the causes of behavior in the __________ perspective.
Neurophysiological
200
The U.S. Supreme Court primarily has appellate jurisdiction. True OR False
True. The US Supreme Court is the highest court in the country and mostly hears cases on appeal.
200
In the U.S. Constitution, the right against self-incrimination is protected which amendment?
Fifth Amendment
300
What is incapacitation? Provide an example. 
Incapacitation is making it impossible for a person to commit crime. Ex. Incarceration, execution, chemical alteration
300
Which agency conducts the NCVS?
United States Census Bureau.
300
According to the ____ theory, people are not born with the ability to act violently; they learn to be aggressive through their life experiences.
Social Learning
300
The term actus reus refers to the:
The criminal act
300
The Constitutional right to a trial by jury only applies to serious offenses. In this context, an offense is considered serious when ________.
The possible punishment for the offense is six months or more in jail/prison.
400
What is general deterrence?
Punish the offender to make an example of them to prevent others from committing future crimes.
400
What is the difference between a bench trial and a jury trial?
Bench trial - Judge determines whether defendant is guilty. There is no jury.

Jury trial - Jury determines whether defendant is guilty.

400
According to the ____ theory, indicators of neighborhood disorder are highly predictive of crime rates.
Social Structure
400
What court has original jurisdiction in NYS? Known as the trial court. 
New York State Supreme Court
400
Name 2 specific instances where police are required to have probable cause.
Arrests, Searches, Seizures, Obtaining warrants
500
What is the standard of proof in a criminal trial?
Beyond a Reasonable Doubt.
500
Name 2 reasons why the Uniform Crime Report may not be valid. (not an accurate measure of crime).
Many serious crimes are not reported to police. Victims consider the crime unimportant. Victims do not trust the police. Victims involved in illegal activities themselves. Police may define crimes differently. If a person commits multiple crimes during one event, some police departments only record the most serious crime.
500
What is the genetic theory of crime?
Criminal traits are inherited.
500
What is the difference between a justification and an excuse defense? Provide an example of each.

Justification defenses- defendants admit responsibility but claim that what they did was right under the circumstances (Self Defense)

Excuse defenses-defendants admit that what they did was wrong, but claim they are not responsible (Insanity)

500
What 2 types of punishment are cruel and unusual according to the supreme court?
Barbaric

Disproportionate Punishments

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