Legislatures have to write criminal laws that are clear enough for individuals and government officials to know in advance exactly what the law bans.
What is Due Process of Law?
100
A criminal act (the physical element of a crime) .
What is the actus reus?
100
Defendants prove they were in different place during crime, so their guilt is allegedly impossible.
What is an alibi?
100
Those who help before the crime is committed, but are not present during the commission of a crime.
What is an accessory before the fact?
100
Specific intent to commit crime and a direct but ineffectual act done toward its commission are required.
What is attempt?
200
Legislatures can’t define crimes and punishments that apply differently based on inherited characteristics (race, ethnicity, gender, and age).
What is Equal Protection?
200
A criminal intent (the mental element of a crime).
What is mens rea?
200
Reduces the crime to a lesser offense.
What is an imperfect defense?
200
Bases liability on the relationship between the person who commits crime and someone else.
What is vicarious liability?
200
Two or more people agree to commit a crime.
What is conspiracy?
300
Legislatures can’t make crimes that violate the rights to free speech, religion, and privacy.
What are individual rights and liberties?
300
Failure to report or failure to intervene when there is a legal duty to do so.
What is omission?
300
Justifies choosing the commission of a lesser crime in order to avoid punishment for a greater crime.
What is necessity?
300
Those who actually commit the crime.
What are principals in the first degree?
300
Requires words that convey their purpose to get someone to commit a specific crime.
What is solicitation?
400
Criminalizes an act that was previously not criminal when it was committed.
What is ex post facto law?
400
Control of items and substances, and awareness of the control.
What is possession?
400
Individuals who commit crimes because they’re threatened with harm if they don’t commit the “act”.
What is duress?
400
Participants before & during the commission of a crime.
What are accomplices?
400
The ability to commit that crime does not actually exist.
What is factually impossible?
500
Obscenity, Profanity. Libel & slander, Fighting words, and
Clear and present danger
What is not protected by the First Amendment?
500
Crimes in which criminal conduct produces a criminal harm.
What is the Proximate Cause rule?
500
Defendant doesn’t know the nature & quality of their act or the difference between right & wrong due to a cognitive impairment caused by a mental disease or defect.
What is the right-wrong test of insanity?
500
Anyone who harbors, conceals, or aids the principal after a felony.
What is an accessory?
500
Planning to commit a crime, but failing to do so when the moment comes.