Traffic Stops
Police need this to stop a vehicle for a traffic violation.
What is reasonable suspicion?
Police need this to search a vehicle without consent or a warrant.
What is probable cause?
This is a search conducted with the drivers permission.
What is a consent search?
Police list the personal effects and properties they find in the vehicle.
What is vehicle inventory?
What is Carroll v. United States?
The standard for a traffic stop is less than probable cause but more than a mere hunch.
What is reasonable suspicion?
If evidence is in plain view in a car and an officer sees it during a stop it can be seized.
What is the plain view doctrine?
Police can search a vehicle without a warrant if there is a clear danger to the public or officer.
What is exigent circumstances?
What is vehicle impoundment?
May search the trunk if there is probable cause.
What is United States v. Ross?
Police can order the driver out of a vehicle during a traffic stop.
What is Pennsylvania v. Mimms?
Allows police to search a car without a warrant if they have probable cause.
What is the automobile exception?
When a person is arrested in a vehicle, police may only search certain areas.
What is arms reach and immediate control?
This case established that police may search a container within a car if they have probable cause to believe the container holds evidence.
The use of a tracking device without a warrant on a vehicle is unconstitutional.
What is United States v. Jones?
A vehicle stop is a form of?
What is a seizure?
A valid stop that is used as a pretext to search a vehicle.
What is a pretextual stop?
Suspect must be in the immediate vicinity during a search.
What is Arizona v. Grant?
May legally search a vehicle without a warrant because the owners have left a vehicle for a period of time and officers have used totality of the circumstances.
What is abandoned property or vehicle?
Case stating that a traffic stop does not allow a full blown search of a vehicle.
What is Knowles v. Iowa?
Extending a traffic stop without justification can violate this amendment.
What is the 4th amendment?
This case authorized the search of the passenger compartment and back seat after an arrest.
What is New York v. Belton?
If an officer has reasonable suspicion that the suspect could be armed or dangerous they can perform a pat down.
Warrantless searches can be conducted later at the impound lot if this existed initially.
What is probable cause?
This case stated that an officer does not need to inform the defendant that they are free to leave for a consent search to be valid.
What is Ohio v. Robinette?