Evidence
A limited search of an individual approved by the U.S. Supreme Court in the case Terry vs Ohio
Stop and Frisk or Terry Stop
A landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the court ruled that law enforcement in the US must warn a person of their constitutional rights before interrogating them.
Miranda vs. Arizona
The taking of property from a person's possession by using force or threats
Robbery
A criminal defense where a defendant committed the crime because they were coerced into doing by use of threats or violence.
Duress
A type of crime that is defined by law
Statutory Offense
A permissible warrantless search of a person, vehicle, or home based on a person with proper authority voluntarily granting permission for the search to take place
Consent Search
This case guaranteed the right to legal representation for all criminal defendants who cannot afford an attorney, making sure they have adequate representation in court.
Gideon vs Wainwright
Entering a building unlawfully with intent to commit a felony or steal valuable property
Burglary
A criminal defense that claims the defendant's illegal conduct was the lesser of two evils in a situation threatening specific harm to themselves or others
Necessity
Common Law
This rule prevents evidence obtained in violation of a defendant's constitutional rights from being used in court.
Exclusionary Rule
A civil case in which the U.S. Supreme Court held that, under the 4th Amendment, when an officer is pursuing a fleeing suspect, the officer may not use deadly force unless the officer has probable cause to believe the suspect poses a significant threat to the officer or others
Tennessee vs. Garner
Theft of personal property
Larceny
A criminal defense stating that the accused did not commit the crime
Innocence
A type of crime completed by taking a punishable step toward the commission of another crime. These types of crimes are "attempt", "solicitation", and "conspiracy".
Inchoate Offenses
Legal guidelines that determine what information is admissible in court to prove or disprove claims.
Rules of Evidence
Ruling where the U.S. Supreme Court said police can only search a vehicle incident to an occupant's arrest in the arrestee is within reach of the passenger compartment
Arizona vs Gant
The intentional killing of another person
Murder
A criminal defense where the accused is engaged in criminal conduct after being induced or encouraged to do so by law enforcement who was trying to obtain evidence against the defendant
Entrapment
This charge is essentially larceny with the added element of using or threatening violence.
Robbery
A landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision that established the exclusionary rule, that prevents a prosecutor from using evidence that was obtained by violating the 4th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
Mapp vs. Ohio
U.S. Supreme Court decision holding that police officers arresting a person at their home cannot search the entire house - only the area within the suspect's immediate reach.
Chimel vs. California
The unlawful killing of another person without malice or meaning without the intent to kill or seriously harm.
Manslaughter
A criminal defense where the defendant admits the action but asserts lack of culpability based on mental illness.
Insanity
Most frequently charged crime in New York Penal Law
Petit Larceny