Theories and types of Crime
Two of these terms are from early biological theory, with one theorizing that criminal behavior could develop from an underdeveloped or overdeveloped area within the skull/brain. The other refers to the idea that criminals are similar to evolutionary more "savage" archetypes. (+2 points)
Phrenology and Atavism
An English medieval system set up for the enforcement of laws, primarily men, in which they were set up into individual groups for "keeping one another in check"
Frankenpledge
The 9/11 attacks influenced the creation of this government agency.
Homeland Security
This term refers to the state of mind the offender was in when the crime was committed
Mens rea
A person becomes a sheriff through this manner
Election
This theory stems from an earlier idea of criminology that humans will commit a crime based on pain vs pleasure.
Classical Criminology
This constitutional set of rights stems from common law and it is typicaly read to one during arrest.
Miranda Rights
This was used to root out corruption, specifically within corruption of police officers in New York
The Knapp Commission
This term refers to reasoning on why individuals commit crime, often paired with the idea of a guilty mind and a guilty act
Causation
This individual argued that prisons are meant to surveil and create "docile bodies". He ALSO held this same belief about schools and hospitals.
Foucault
For sociological criminologists, crime can be understood by looking at this.
Social structures
The theory proposed that the success of People of Color is a threat to White Americans' livelihoods, triggering stricter laws and over policing.
The racial threat theory
This movement shaped policing within the second half of the twentieth century, with key people such as Reagan and Nixon advocating for this.
The War on Drugs
This term refers to police officers acting in a way that is considered to be illegal, with the justification that it is for the greater good.
The Dirty Harry Problem
This person was killed by the police using excessive force in 2014 by the NYPD, leading to a bill that made the use of chokeholds by police officers a felony.
Eric Garner
This term is used to describe a general framework of causes to criminal behavior
paradigms
This approach became popular in the 1980s to address tensions with police
community policing
The Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program has this many nationwide categories:
seven
This is done when a police officer is actively pursuing to catch someone before a crime is even committed.
Active Policing
This Surpreme court case made it so that police are not allowed to use deadly force to prevent the escape of the suspect.
Tennesse vs Garner
Two of these terms are from early biological theory, with one theorizing that criminal behavior could develop from an underdeveloped or overdeveloped area within the skull/brain. The other refers to the idea that criminals are similar to evolutionary more "savage" archetypes. (+2 points)
Phrenology and Atavism
This act allowed police to seize property of suspected of drug trafficking use
The Controlled Substance Act of 1970
It is unlawful to ask about a victim's sexual history with anyone other than the defendant on trial under this law.
Rape Shield Laws.
This legal principle is related to not allowing for evidence found by unconstitutional means to be used in court.
The Exclusionary rule
A green criminologist focuses on this area of Criminal justice