Unit 1
The expression "an eye for an eye" refers to: what?
Retribution
A sentence to serve a specified number of hours working in unpaid positions with nonprofit or tax-supported agencies is called what?
Community Service
Which President signed the law that authorized the establishment of Federal Prison Industries (FPI).
FDR
Incarcerating mentally ill inmates costs more because:
they stay longer than other inmates.
In prison argot, a male inmate who assumes an aggressive role during homosexual relations is called what?
A Wolf
If a defendant accepts a penalty without admitting guilt, it is called what?
nolo contendere
New punishment options developed to fill the gap between traditional probation and traditional jail or prison sentences and to better match the severity of punishment to the seriousness of the crime are called what?
Intermediate sanctions
Who advocated a prison system which shifted the emphasis from punishing the body to reforming the mind and soul?
Quakers
According to Gresham Sykes, the major problems faced by new inmates like the loss of liberty, a lack of material possessions, deprivation of goods and services, the loss of heterosexual relationships, the loss of personal autonomy, and a reduction in personal security were referred to as the ________.
Pains of Imprisonment
A serious criminal offense that is punishable by death or by incarceration in a prison facility for more than a year is called a(n) ________.
Felony
In what year did the the Professional Education Council of the American Correctional Association developed a model entry test for correctional officers?
1990
Among all the correctional programs, boot camps are primarily promoted as a means of what?
alleviating prison crowding.
The ________ system was, initially, congregate by day and separate at night.
Auburn
What term did Donald Clemmer coin?
Prisonization
The formal termination of an offender's conditional freedom is known as what?
Revocation
Sentences that are required by law under certain circumstances are referred to as what?
Mandatory Sentences
The majority of jail inmate suicides typically occur within how much time of being incarceration?
One week
he first historical phase of prison discipline, which involved solitary confinement in silence instead of corporal punishment, was the ________ system.
Pennsylvania
According to Esther Heffernan, career offenders who are well socialized into the lives of crime and who support inmate values and subculture are called ________ inmates.
Life Inmates
A correctional agency that has the authority to grant the conditional release of a prisoner is called what?
Parole Board
What is a hallmark of contemporary corrections and is regarded as the gold standard by which correctional programs and services are evaluated today.
Evidence-Based Corrections
The first and most important purpose of a presentence report (PSR) is to do what?
Assist the court in reaching a fair sentencing decision
A federal, paid inmate work program and self-supporting corporation is called what?
Federal Prison Industries
Family-like structures, common in women's prisons, where inmates assume roles similar to those of family members in a free society are called what?
pseudo families
The conditional release of a prisoner prior to completion of his or her imposed sentence under the supervision of a supervision officer is called what?
Parole