This is an act that violates criminal law and is punishable by criminal sanctions.
What is crime?
100
This amendment protects against unreasonable searches.
What is the 4th Amendment?
100
This theory believes that criminals must be taught both the practical and emotional skills necessary to participate in illegal activity.
What is the Learning Theory?
100
This is the burden of proof in criminal cases.
What is beyond a reasonable doubt?
100
This is the ability to choose between and among alternative courses of action.
What is discretion?
200
This phrase is used to describe the actual amount of crime that takes place.
What is dark figure of crime?
200
This city was the place where the first organized police department was formed.
What is Boston?
200
This theory suggests that certain biological or psychological traits in individuals could incline them toward criminal behavior given a certain set of circumstances.
What is the trait theory?
200
The United States has this type of court system.
What is dual?
Extra Credit: What is a dual court system?
200
This level of law enforcement divides duties between counties and municipalities.
What is local?
300
This is known as a wrongful mental state, or intent.
What is Mens rea?
300
This style of policing emphasizes centralized police organizations, increased use of technology, and a limitation of police discretion through regulations and guidelines.
What is the Professional Model?
300
This theory of crime states that offenders weigh the possible benefits of criminal activity against the costs of being apprehended.
What is rational choice theory?
300
This amendment provides your right to counsel.
What is the Sixth Amendment?
300
This model emphasizes that the individual is to be protected from the power of the government.
What is the Due Process Model?
400
This category of murder occurs when the victim provoked the offender to act violently.
What is Voluntary Manslaughter?
400
This case law established "stop and frisk".
What is Terry v. Ohio?
400
These theorists believe the best way to deter crime is to increase the severity of the punishment for offending.
What are Choice Theorists?
400
This amendment is the legal basis for the Miranda warning.
What is the Fifth Amendment?
400
House arrest, electronic monitoring, and boot camp are all examples of this.
What are Alternative Sanctions?
500
This is the oldest and most common justification for punishment.
What is Retribution?
500
This is the oldest federal law enforcement agency.
What are the U.S. Marshals?
500
According to this theory, crime occurs when three factors are present: a likely offender, a suitable target, and the absence of a capable guardian.
What is Routine Activity Theory?
500
This case held that "any person haled into court, who is too poor to hire a lawyer, cannot be assured a fair trial unless counsel is provided for him."
What is Gideon v. Wainwright?
500
This is a community-based corrections center to which offenders report on a daily basis for the purpose of treatment, education, and incapacitation.
What is a Day Reporting Center?
Extra Credit: Where did they first begin?