Chapter 1: Isaac Newton
Finish this sentence: Enlightenment was a time when people stopped lookng only to their ____________________ for explanations of the universe, and began looking to ________________________________
The Enlightenment was a time when people stopped looking only to their rulers and Church leaders for explanations of the universe, and began looking to science and reason
What is Descartes famous quote?
"I think, therefore I am"
Hobbes thinks people are naturally ......
Cruel, greedy, and selfish
What did John Locke think citizens had the right to do if the government did not protect them?
Overthrow the government
What is hte pen name Francois Marie Arouet used?
Voltaire
Which groups played the greatest role in the Enlightenment?
Scientist and philosophers
What was Descartes early life like?
HARD/CHALLENGING
Hobbes considered law and order the most important for a strong society?
True
What are the three things Locke thinks people are naturally born with?
Life, liberty and property
Who write The Persian Letters?
Montesquieu
What does the phrase "divine right of kings" mean? (HINT: two parts to the phrase)
The belief that kings and queens have a God-given right to rule, and that rebellion against them is a sin
TRUE OR FALSE:
Rene Descartes was a pessimist
FALSE
An absolute monarch
What does John Locke think about life experiences?
People develop their ideas through life experiences
Who was known as an American philosophe?
How was society in Europe changing around the time of the Enlightenment?
The middle class began to grow (this class was new)
The ability of the mind to think clearly and understand; logic is what vocabulary word?
Reason
The Leviathan
Locked believed that a good government gets its power from _____________
the people
Must divide its government into three different branches (legislative, executive, and judicial) to prevent the abuse of power: separation of powers
1. What did Isaac Newton invent (1 thing)?
2. What did he discover (3 things)?
Invented: Calculus
Discovered: Motion, Light and Gravity
Why is Rene Descartes known as the "father of modern philosophy"?
He used reason to ask question and find truths
At what age did Thomas Hobbes enter Oxford University?
What was John Locke name when he went into hiding?
Dr. van der Linden
What did Voltaire value the most?
Freedom of speech/the freedom to express one's opinion