Elements of Crime
The actus reus
Common law divided participants into these two groups
Principals and accessories
The mens rea of this grade of murder requires deliberation, premeditation, and malice
First-degree
The killing of another in under this is classified as voluntary manslaughter
Heat of passion/sudden rage
An offender in custody at a local correctional facility causes physical harm to an employee on the grounds of the facility. The offender is guilty of this offense
Assault
An individual cannot be held criminally liable for a characteristic or condition
Status
States now use this two-party categorization for parties to crime
This element of first-degree murder demonstrates that an act was thought out before being committed
Premeditation
The law of provocation is based on the reaction of who
A reasonable person
Under the influence of sudden passion, Individual A causes physical harm to someone who provoked them. Individual A is guilty of this offense
Aggravated assault
This law does not impose a duty to intervene, except in certain circumstances
American bystander law
Implicit consent to be bound to the conduct of the primary part is known as this
Derivative liability
An individual who breaks detention after being found guilty of a felony and causes the death of another is guilty of this offense
Aggravated murder
Defense of heat of passion is lost if this is found
Cooling of the blood
Gustavos threatens to kill Walt's family. Gustavos is thus guilty of this offense under the ORC
Aggravated menacing
These types of offenses do not require a mens rea
Strict liability
This rule states that being present and watching a crime does not satisfy actus reus requirements for accomplice liability
Mere presence
Felony murder
Under the ORC, a person is guilty of this if they cause the death of another as a proximate result of the commission of a nonviolent felony
Involuntary manslaughter
A student is coerced into consuming a large amount alcohol in a short amount of time as part of an initiation ritual. The student is thus a victim of this
Cause in fact requires you to ask this
"but for" the act
An owner of a car is liable for parking or traffic violations incurred by someone else driving the car through this
Vicarious liability
This limits criminal liability to the acts of felons and co-felons
Agency theory of felony murder
Vehicular homicide
Individual A knows they are a positive carrier of the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. They do not disclose this info to their sexual partner. Individual A is guilty of this offense
Felonious assault