Emile Durkheim
A term meaning “lacking in rules” or “normlessness” used by Durkheim to describe a condition of normative deregulation in society.
Anomie
What is "Strain Theory"
The inability to attain resources legitimately generates unhappiness (strain) and sometimes leads to efforts to obtain them illegitimately.
What is "General Strain Theory"
Agnew’s extension of anomie theory into the realm of social psychology stressing multiple sources of strain and how people cope with it.
What is Institutional Anomie Theory?
High crime rates are intrinsic to the structural and cultural arrangements of American society.
True or False: Emile Durkheim is credited with the invention of Institutional Anomie Theory
False:
Durkheim = Anomie Theory
Messner and Rosenfeld = IAT
A form of social solidarity existing in small, isolated, prestate societies in which individuals sharing common experiences and circumstances share common values and develop strong emotional ties to the collectivity.
Mechanical Solidarity
In the United States, what is the term that describes when someone has been successful in earning a lot of money through their hard work and their means of attaining that money legally.
The American Dream
What would be an example of strain from General Strain Theory?
Loss of a boyfriend/girlfriend, Losing your job.
What is a Meritocracy?
The governing of people and distributing power on the basis of their ability.
True or False: According the Merton's Strain Theory, Society is the "Bad Guy"
True: Society (at least capitalist society) is a negative force that motivates deviant behavior.
A form of social solidarity characteristic of modern societies in which there is a high degree of occupational specialization and weak normative consensus.
Organic Solidarity
What term did Merton create that describes people's response to societal pressures to achieve goals.
Merton's 5 Modes of Adaptation.
True or False: Agnew views crime and delinquency as primarily the result of negative emotions that arise from strains.
True
True or False: Messner and Rosenfield believe that a meritocracy is a fair system that promotes equality.
False: Since people are born with biological advantages over others, (High IQ, Height, Other Genetics etc.) inequality in society is an inevitable feature.
What would be an example of "Rebellion" as described in Merton's 5 Modes of Adaptation?
People uniting together to overthrow a tyrannical/authoritarian government
Rejecting the Goals prescribed by the Government and the means in which the people are expected to achieve them.
Durkheim said, "when crime drops significantly below average levels, it is a sign that something is wrong." Why is this?
N/A
Most common mode of adaptation because most people have the means of legally attaining cultural goals at their disposal.
Conformity
True or False: Agnew says that people are most likely to react with anger when they blame their negative situations or relationships on themselves.
False: People are most likely to react with anger when they blame their negative situations on others, which leads to a desire for revenge.
True or False: Having better genetics than others is the only way in which a meritocracy is unfair.
False: People with poor genetics can be born into a wealthy family and have an abundance of opportunities.
According to Durkheim's Concept of Anomie,
Society = The Bad Guy
False: Durkheim says society is good because it's informal controls discourage people from committing crimes.
True or False: Durkheim believes that crime is found at all times and in all societies
True
The mode of adaptation most associated with crime
Innovation
What are the other potential causes of strain according to Agnew?
The presentation of negative stimuli such as child abuse or neglect and negative school experiences.
What are the 5 main pillars or institutions that make up society according to Messner and Rosenfield?
(3/5 guesses = correct)
Economy
Family
Religion
Education
The political system.
What is the largest ocean on Earth?
The Pacific Ocean