learning and classical conditioning
When the night guard hears the children say 'hooray!" he then knows that he has made it through the night.
This is an example of ___
associative learning
the name for "initial learning" is ____
acquisition
the definition of operant conditioning is ____
A behavior is more likely to recur if followed by a reinforcement and less likely to recur if followed by a punishment.
reinforcement is ___
in Operant conditioning, anything that strengthens the behavior that follows.
by watching You Tubers play five nights at Freddy's you know how to play the game as well.
This is an example of ___
cognitive learning
The reason humans and other animals can be conditioned is ____
because conditioning allows animals to prepare for good or bad events.
the processes in which a reinforcer guides behavior progressively closer to the desired behavior is called __
Shaping
discriminative stimulus is ___
Which psychologist is widely associated with which?
Ivan Pavlov
B.F Skinner
Ivan Pavlov : classical conditioning
B.F Skinner : operant conditioning
when an extinct behavior reappears
this is ___
spontaneous recovery
Who came up with the "Law of effect", what is it, and who elaborated on this idea?
Edward L. Thorndike came up with the Law of effect. The law of effect is the idea that Skinner expanded on.
What is the difference between primary and secondary reinforcers?
Primary reinforcers are an innately reinforcing stimulus.
Secondary reinforcers gain their reinforcing power through association with a primary reinforcer.
what is the difference between habituation and extinction?
habituation is the brain tuning out a stimulus and extinction is the gradual weakening of a conditioned response that results in the behavior decreasing or disappearing.
pavlovs work continues to be important because ___
1.) His work proved that classical conditioning is a way that many organisms adapt to their environment.
2.) His work provided a way in which things such as learning can be objectively studied.
How does the Skinner box work, and what is the other name for it?
a box containing a bar or key which the animal inside can manipulate in order to receive food or water as a reinforcement. It also includes a device that records the animals response rate.
The Skinner box is also called an operant chamber.
what are the six schedules of reinforcement and their definition?
Continous reinforcement: reinforcing the desires response every time it occurs.
Partial (intermittent) reinforcement schedule: reinforcing a response only part of the time; results in slower acquisition of a response but much greater resistance to extinction than does continuous reinforcement.
Fixed-ratio schedule: in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses.
Variable- ratioschedule: a operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses.
Fixed interval schedule- in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed
Variable- interval schedule: in operant conditioning a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals.
What are the five variables associated with classical conditioning?
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS):
Unconditioned Response (UCR):
Neutral Stimulus (NS):
Conditioned Stimulus (CS):
Conditioned Response (CR):
the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and a similar stimuli that does not signal an unconditioned stimulus.
This is the definition of ___
discrimination
What is positive and negative reinforcer and reinforcement?
Give an example of positive and negative reinforcement.
A. When a behavior is increased by presenting a positive reinforcer. A positive reinforcer is a stimulus that strengthens a response when presented after a response. Open response
B. When a behavior is increased by removing an adversive stimulus. A negative reinforcer is a stimulus that when removed after a behavior increases the response. Open response
What is positive and negative punishment ?
Give an example of positive and negative punishment.
A. When an adverse stimulus is administered. Open response
B. When a rewarding stimulus is removed. Open response