LOUIS XIV & THE RISE OF PROFESSIONAL BALLET
This French king was a dancer himself and appeared in ballets for approximately 18 years.
Who is Louis XIV?
In 1669, this institution was formally established, helping organize professional ballet.
What is the Royal Academy of Music?
In 1681, women were finally allowed to do this on the professional ballet stage.
What is perform professionally?
This man is considered the greatest ballet reformer of the 18th century.
Who is Jean-Georges Noverre?
In 1776, this future queen appointed Noverre as ballet master of the Paris Opera.
Who is Marie Antoinette?
Louis XIV's support of the arts helped ballet transition from court entertainment performed largely by these people into a professional theatrical art.
Who are amateurs?
In 1672, this was added to the Royal Academy of Music, and together they became the Académie Royale de Musique et de Danse.
What is the Academy of Dance?
She was the first female dancer of distinction and was followed by two major female ballet reformers.
Who is Mlle. de La Fontaine?
Noverre believed ballet should tell a story and express emotions through this medium.
What is movement/dance?
Noverre's principal student created La Fille Mal Gardée in 1789.
Who is Jean Dauberval?
Louis XIV's Royal Composer of Music, who had danced in royal entertainments with him when they were young, was this man.
Who is Jean-Baptiste Lully?
This type of stage had an arch and positioned the audience primarily in front of the dancers, changing the way choreography was created.
What is the proscenium stage?
This female dancer focused heavily on virtuosity and technical skill and was the first woman to master difficult steps such as the entrechat quatre and cabriole.
Who is Marie-Anne de Cupis de Camargo?
Noverre called his new approach to ballet, which emphasized story, emotion, character, and dramatic action, this.
What is ballet d'action?
Dauberval's La Fille Mal Gardée introduced peasants as heroes and combined folk dance with academic ballet. This style was called what?
What is character dance / demi-caractère?
Lully helped combine these three elements, helping ballet develop into a more complicated theatrical art form.
What are music, dance, and drama?
Because audiences now viewed dancers primarily from the front, dancers needed to make their movements more visible from the side. This physical technique became fundamental to ballet.
What is turnout?
Camargo shortened her skirts to calf length and wore these tight-fitting drawers for modesty so audiences could see her footwork.
What are caleçons de précaution?
Noverre believed dance should communicate story, emotion, character, and dramatic action without depending on these two things.
What are spoken words and songs?
This choreographer brought Dauberval's ideas to Milan and gave the corps de ballet more individual movement and expression rather than having them primarily move in unison.
Who is Salvatore Viganò?
Identify all four major collaborators associated with the development of ballet during Louis XIV's era: the composer, dancer/choreographer, artist/designer, and poet/dramatist.
Who are Jean-Baptiste Lully, Beauchamps, Berain, and Molière?
Name the three developments that together became the foundation of classical ballet technique during this period.
What are the five positions, turnout, and standardized terminology?
Unlike Camargo, who emphasized technical virtuosity, this dancer emphasized realism, expression, and natural movement, famously appearing in a simplified costume inspired by a Greek statue in her 1734 Pygmalion.
Who is Marie Sallé?
Noverre's surviving written work, published in the middle of the 18th century, became one of the most important works of ballet criticism and a major influence on ballet.
What is Lettres sur la Danse et sur les Ballets?
In 1796, this choreographer's Flore et Zéphyr used an almost invisible system of wires to make dancers appear to fly above the stage.
Who is Charles Didelot?