Big Ideas
This type of calculus is also known as a cost-benefit analysis; how someone decides whether or not to commit a criminal offense
What is hedonistic calculus
This author distinguishes between the due process model and the crime control model in his 1968 work
Who is Parker
This ‘rational’ criminal justice model falls is supported by classical theory; it has 16 assumptions associated with it
What is the due process model
Under this perspective, situational measures can reduce the risk of crime
What is the rational choice perspective
Other than legal counsel, this is one of the options for who can represent an individual in the principles of due process
What is a supporter or friend
According to Young (1981), under the classical school of thought, criminal acts should only be those that include this
What is harm to others
This author believed in focusing on the letter of the law because of “’the erring instability of interpretation’” (pg 49).
Who is Beccaria
These are two of the three punishment philosophies in classical thought
What is retribution, deterrence, or prevention
One of the principles of the due process model is celerity, meaning this
What is speed
Cohen and Machalek (1988) say that humans have limited rational thought in a version of this theory
What is routine activities theory
Beccaria disagreed with this of the following three justifications for capital punishment
The incarcerated is a threat to society
The punishment would deter other potential offenders
The continued existence of the individual could cause a revolution
What is the punishment would deter other potential offenders
This author of An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation developed the idea of felicific calculus
Who is Jeremy Bentham
This is one of the four situations where Bentham believes punishment should not be used
What is when it is groundless, inefficacious, unprofitable/expensive, and/or needless
Situational constraints and opportunities affect what important aspect of rational calculation?
What is perception?
This theorist came up with the idea for the panopticon
Who is Jeremy Bentham
In classical theory, this group could commit a crime
Who is everyone
This is one of two authors who, in the 2005 work “The Rational Choice Perspective” argued that one's wants and needs affected how willing that individual is to commit a criminal act
Who is Cornish and/or Clarke
As opposed to severity, this quality of the punishment should be the goal of the due process model
What is certainty of punishment
According to routine activities theory, in criminal justice policy the goal should be this
What is denying the offender the opportunity to offend
This term is used to define individuals taken prisoner during the war on terror to justify torture
What is unlawful combatants
In the Einstadter and Henry section evaluating classical theory, they note that economic rational and situational choice theorists claim that classists do not pay enough attention to this
What is a cost or benefit
The author of Tratto dei Delitti e delle Pene
Who is Beccaria
Beccaria believed that within the trial by a jury of your peers in a trial with an individual victim, the jurors should be this
What is half peers of the accused and half of the victim
In this theory, the goal of any person is to try and maximize utility
What is wealth maximization theory?
This person banned Beccaria’s famous essay
Who is the pope