Classical Greece

Philip of Macedonia

100

1. What is the main goal of Philip of Macedonia as described in the text?

1. His main goal is to conquer Greece, which is located just south of his homeland.

200

1. Why is Greece considered a prime target for attack?

1. Greece is weakened from internal fighting, making it vulnerable to attack

300

1. How do the soldiers feel as they prepare for battle with the Greek soldiers?

1. The soldiers feel terrified, but they trust King Philip II.

400

1. What qualities of King Philip Il inspire trust in his soldiers?

1. King Philip Il's extensive military skills inspire trust in his soldiers.

500

1. How is King Philip Il's approach to war described in the text?

1. His approach to war is described as turning the act of war into an art due to his capable hands and military expertise.

Conqueror of Greece

100

What was the general opinion of the Greeks about the kingdom of Macedonia before Philip Il came to power?

The Greeks did not think much of Macedonia. They dismissed its residents as uncultured foreigners.

200

What qualities made Philip Il an effective leader of Macedonia?

Philip II was an intelligent general, a clever politician, and had ambition, determination, and ruthlessness. He completely controlled political, military, legal, and religious matters in his kingdom.

300

What was Philip Il's ultimate goal, and how did he plan to achieve it?

Philip Il's ultimate goal was to conquer the Persian Empire. To achieve this, he focused on uniting his kingdom and building a powerful, professional army with new warfare methods.

400

What were some of the new methods Philip used in warfare?

Philip used a battle formation called a phalanx, where soldiers stood close together with overlapping shields, making it hard for enemies to attack. He also used war machines like catapults to launch large stones at city walls.

500

How did Philip Il manage to control Greece, and what happened after his victory at the Battle of Chaeronea?

 Philip Il conquered lands around Macedonia, including Greek colonies rich in resources.By 348 B.C., he had control of much of Greece. His victory at  the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 B.C. crushed Greek resistance, uniting Greece for the first time.

Young Alexander

100

 At what age did Alexander demonstrate his courage by riding the wild horse Bucephalus?

Alexander showed his courage at the age of 12.

200

Who did Alexander train with, and how did this training help him?

Alexander trained with "the companions," a group of aristocratic sons. This training helped him form lifelong friendships and prepared him for war, especially with firsthand experience gained from his father, King Philip.

300

What subjects did Aristotle teach to Alexander? And what influenced him the most?

Aristotle taught Alexander geography, science, and literature. Alexander was greatly influenced by Homer's liad, which he kept under his pillow, and he admired the hero Achilles.

400

What major event happened in 336 B.C. that changed Alexander's life?

In 336 B.C., Alexander's father, King Philip, was assassinated, and Alexander became king at the age of 20.

500

What action did Alexander take after the people of Thebes rebelled, and what was the result?

After the people of Thebes rebelled, Alexander marched into Greece, destroyed Thebes, and terrified the rest of Greece into submission, solidifying his leadership.