Stimuli & Responses
Reinforcement Schedules
Social and operant learning
Reinforcement Vs Punishment
People & Miscellaneous
100

In Pavlov's original experiment with dogs, the meat served as this.

What is the US or Unconditioned Stimulus?

100
Some assembly-line production systems work on this schedule - the worker gets paid for every 10 widgets she makes.
What is a fixed ratio schedule?
100

The tendency to fail to act to escape from a situation because of a history of repeated failures in the past 

What is learned helplessness?

100
A trainer pulls up on a dog's collar and commands the dog to "sit". The dog sits, and the trainer releases the tension on the collar.
What is negative reinforcement? R- for the dog for sitting (the aversive tension on the dog's collar goes away when the dog performs the action); it is also R+ for the trainer (the trainer's action of pulling on the collar is rewarded by getting the dog to do what the trainer wanted)
100
He accidentally discovered Classical Conditioning.
Who is Pavlov?
200

As a child, you were playing in the yard one day when a neighbor’s cat wandered over. Your mother (who has a fear of cats) screamed and snatched you into her arms. Her behavior caused you to cry. You now have a fear of cats. What is the CS?

What is the cat?

200
My e-mail account works on this schedule. I sometimes get email every 5 minutes and other times it could be hours between receiving email.
What is a variable interval schedule?
200

This is when an individual believes that the cause of negative events is consistent across different contexts and situations

What is globality?

200
A puppy jumps on her returning, beloved person. The person says nothing, folds his arms over his chest, and faces the door. The puppy stops jumping and begins barking instead.
What is negative punishment? P- for the puppy for jumping up, R+ for the owner for turning away. (Too bad the pup started barking instead - maybe it's time to reinforce the desired behavior!)
200
My "box" is well known in the world of psychology, but the rats don't like it very much.
Who is Skinner?
300

As a child, you were playing in the yard one day when a neighbor’s cat wandered over. Your mother (who has a fear of cats) screamed and snatched you into her arms. Her behavior caused you to cry. You now have a fear of cats. What is the US?

What is your mother's behavior?

300
Slot machines at casinos work on this schedule, the payoff is random, occuring after an undetermined amount of button pushes.
What is a variable ratio schedule?
300

process where the observer sees the model rewarded, making the observer more likely to imitate the model's behavior

What is vicarious reinforcement?

300

A dog jumps up on the table and steals a steak. She runs off and eats it. The cook comes back from another room, sees the steak gone, yells, "No" and gives the dog a treat instead. The dog "counter-surfs" from then on.

What is positive reinforcement? R+ for the dog "counter-surfing", no effect on the cook's behavior

300

I studied observational learning by doing an experiment with children and Bobo Dolls.

Who is Albert Bandura?

400
As a child, you were playing in the yard one day when a neighbor’s cat wandered over. Your mother (who has a fear of cats) screamed and snatched you into her arms. Her behavior caused you to cry. You now have a fear of cats. What is the CR?
What is your fear today?
400
Paychecks work on this schedule - every two weeks I get one.
What is a fixed interval schedule?
400

When I first start teaching about a concept, I'll praise any answer that is close to the right answer. Then I gradually require closer and closer approximations before giving a specific reinforcer.  This process called?

What is shaping?

400
While the family is out, the dog jumps up on the table and eats an entire box of fine chocolate truffles that the owner’s uncle had brought. A few hours later, the dog is violently ill all over the owner’s bed. The dog sniffs at food on the table after that doesn’t take any of it.
What is positive punishment? P+ for table-surfing, P+ for owner for leaving chocolate out around an unsuperivsed dog.
400
Pavlov spent much of his time studying us, he made our mouths water.
Who are Pavlov's Dogs?
500

As a child, you were playing in the yard one day when a neighbor’s cat wandered over. Your mother (who has a fear of cats) screamed and snatched you into her arms. Her behavior caused you to cry. You now have a fear of cats. What is the UR?

What is your crying?

500
This schedule of reinforcement produces the most effective learning.
What is a variable ratio schedule.
500

This is learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it

What is latent learning?

500
A non-profit organization sends free address labels with their solicitation to a non-sympathetic postal costumer. The recipient keeps and uses the labels but doesn’t donate any money to cause. He checks further solicitations for more labels.
What is positive reinforcement? R+ for opening mail
500
I fear soft, white things, thanks to the fact that I was classically conditioned with a rat and loud noises by Watson.
Who is Little Albert?
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