Stimuli & Responses
In Pavlov's original experiment with dogs, the meat served as this.
US or Unconditioned Stimulus
Some assembly-line production systems work on this schedule - the worker gets paid for every 10 widgets she makes. What kind of schedule is it?
A fixed ratio schedule
In order to be able to punish my cat even when I'm not near enough to reach him, I have paired the sound of a clicker with getting squirted with water. Now the sound of the clicker causes him to startle. Operant or classical?
Classical Conditioning
A trainer pulls up on a dog's collar and commands the dog to "sit". The dog sits, and the trainer releases the tension on the collar. Classify the type
Negative Reinforcement.
He accidentally discovered Classical Conditioning.
Pavlov
As a child, you were playing in the yard one day when a neighbor’s cat wandered over. Your mother (who has a fear of cats) screamed and snatched you into her arms. Her behavior caused you to cry. You now have a fear of cats. What is the CS?
The cat
My e-mail account works on this schedule. I sometimes get email every 5 minutes and other times it could be hours between receiving email.What kind of schedule is it?
A variable interval schedule
In a weight management class, participants earn points for every healthy meal they eat and every period of exercise they complete. Later these points result in refunds of their class fees. Operant or classical?
Operant
A puppy jumps on her returning, beloved person. The person says nothing, folds his arms over his chest, and faces the door. The puppy stops jumping and begins barking instead. Classify the type
Negative punishment
Started working on Operant Conditioning, created the idea of programmed learning
B.F. Skinner
As a child, you were playing in the yard one day when a neighbor’s cat wandered over. Your mother (who has a fear of cats) screamed and snatched you into her arms. Her behavior caused you to cry. You now have a fear of cats. What is the US?
Your mother's behavior
Slot machines at casinos work on this schedule, the payoff is random, occuring after an undetermined amount of button pushes.What kind of schedule is it?
A variable ratio schedule
After the bad car accident we had last year, I cringe and break into a sweat at the sound of squealing brakes.Operant or classical?
Classical
A dog jumps up on the table and steals a steak. She runs off and eats it. The cook comes back from another room, sees the steak gone, yells, "No" and throws a rolled-up towel at the dog. The dog "counter-surfs" from then on and avoids towels. Classify the type
Positive Reinforcement
I am a behaviorist who studied classical conditioning and children. I am often seen as controversial.
J. B. Watson
As a child, you were playing in the yard one day when a neighbor’s cat wandered over. Your mother (who has a fear of cats) screamed and snatched you into her arms. Her behavior caused you to cry. You now have a fear of cats. What is the CR?
Your fear of cats today
Paychecks work on this schedule - every two weeks I get one.What kind of schedule is it?
A fixed interval schedule
When I first start teaching about a concept, I'll praise any answer that is close to the right answer.Operant or classical?
Operant
While the family is out, the dog jumps up on the table and eats an entire box of fine chocolate truffles that the owner’s uncle had brought. A few hours later, the dog is violently ill all over the owner’s bed. The dog sniffs at food on the table after that doesn’t take any of it.Classify the type
Positive punishment/Classical conditioning
Pavlov spent much of his time studying us, he made our mouths water.
Pavlov's Dogs?
As a child, you were playing in the yard one day when a neighbor’s cat wandered over. Your mother (who has a fear of cats) screamed and snatched you into her arms. Her behavior scared you and caused you to cry. You now have a fear of cats. What is the UR?
Your fear and crying
This schedule of reinforcement that produces the most effective learning.
A variable schedule.
My cat never gets on the furniture when I am around.Operant or classical?
Either, explain
A non-profit organization sends free address labels with their solicitation to a non-sympathetic postal costumer. The recipient keeps and uses the labels but doesn’t donate any money to cause. He checks further solicitations for more labels.
Positive reinforcement
I fear soft, white things, thanks to the fact that I was classically conditioned with a rat and loud noises by Watson.
Little Albert