Mandates/Dynasties
Which concept allowed rulers to keep power only if they governed justly and could lose it if corrupt?
The Mandate of Heaven — a ruler’s right to govern depends on just and moral rule.
What was the purpose of the Silk Road in connecting different civilizations?
To facilitate trade and exchange of goods, cultures, and ideas across regions.
Which religion introduced monotheism and the struggle between good and evil in Persia?
Zoroastrianism
Which caste in India was responsible for religious ceremonies and teaching?
Brahmins
Who enforced loyalty among Persian satraps using spies called "Eyes and Ears"?
Darius I
What merit-based system did the Han dynasty develop to select government officials?
Merit-based civil service system selecting officials by knowledge and skills.
How did geography influence the development of the Silk Road routes?
Natural barriers like mountains and deserts shaped trade routes.
What is the central Confucian value that supports social harmony?
Respect for parents and elders (Filial piety)
Which caste group included warriors and rulers in ancient India?
Kshatriyas
What legal principle is reflected in the Twelve Tables’ requirement for hearings before magistrates?
Right to a trial or hearing before magistrates (due process)
Which dynasty is known for expanding trade through the Silk Road?
Han dynasty
Name one key good commonly traded along the Silk Road.
Silk (also acceptable: spices, precious metals, textiles)
What social system divided Indian society into hierarchical groups?
The caste system
What term describes those outside the caste system who performed "polluting" jobs?
Dalits (Untouchables)
How did Emperor Constantine impact Christianity in the Roman Empire?
He legalized and promoted Christianity, leading to its spread.
What did the Mandate of Heaven say about a ruler’s right to govern?
The ruler’s right to rule is granted by Heaven but can be lost if they fail their duties.
Which two continents did the Silk Road mainly connect?
Asia and Europe
According to Confucianism, respect for these family members is essential for societal order.
Parents and elders
Which caste was primarily made up of farmers, merchants, and traders?
Vaishyas
What role did the assembly and magistrate play in the Roman legal process according to the Twelve Tables?
They settled disputes through public hearings and magistrate rulings.
Which dynasty’s collapse was partly caused by pressures from nomadic invasions?
Both the Han dynasty and the Roman Empire faced nomadic invasions contributing to their decline.
How did Silk Road trade impact cultural exchange?
It led to cultural diffusion and the spread of technologies and ideas.
How did Zoroastrianism influence Persian views on morality?
Introduced moral dualism — the struggle between good and evil, and monotheism.
What was the lowest social group in the Indian caste system called?
Dalits (Untouchables)
What modern-day legal right is illustrated by the Roman principle of having a fair trial?
The right to a fair trial by a judge or jury