Short-Term vs Long-Term Memory
Short-term memory typically lasts for this duration unless the information is actively rehearsed.
What is 30 seconds?
In 1956, he wrote a famous article entitled “The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on Our Capacity for Processing Information.”
Who is George Miller?
A British psychologist and two U.S. psychologists independently demonstrated that material held in memory for less than one minute is frequently forgotten.
Who is John Brown, Lloyd Peterson and Margaret Peterson?
One approach to cognition, arguing that (1) our mental processes are similar to the operations of a computer, and (2) information progresses through our cognitive system in a series of stages, one step at a time
What is the information-processing approach?
Short-term memory retains information for up to 30 seconds, long-term memory can store information for this duration.
What is a lifetime?
The term George Miller used to describe the basic unit in short-term memory.
What is a chunk?
This technique inspired hundreds of studies on short-term memory, and it played an important role in increasing the support for the cognitive approach.
What is the Brown/Peterson & Peterson technique?
Atkinson and Shiffrin’s model divides memory into three primary stages: sensory memory, short-term memory, and this long-term storage system.
What is long-term memory?
The process of transferring information from short-term memory to long-term memory often involves this conscious effort, such as studying or practicing.
What is rehearsal?
In his article, George Miller proposed that people use internal mental processes to organize stimuli into manageable chunks, a concept that helped inspire classic research on this type of memory.
What is chunking?
This term refers to the U-shaped relationship between a word’s position in a list and its probability of accurate recall.
What is the serial-position effect?
According to the Atkinson and Shiffrin model, information first enters this memory stage, where it is briefly held before either being discarded or moved to short-term memory.
What is sensory memory?
The process of grouping information into meaningful units to increase short-term memory capacity is known as this.
What is chunking?
A common example of chunking is grouping numbers into sets when trying to remember these, which are typically 10 digits long.
What are phone numbers?
The serial-position curve also shows this effect, where recall accuracy is higher for items at the beginning of the list.
What is the primacy effect?
According to the Atkinson and Shiffrin model, information that is actively processed in short-term memory can be lost unless it undergoes this process.
What is rehearsal?
This brain structure is primarily responsible for both short-term and long-term memory.
What is the hippocampus.
Refers to the capacity of human short-term memory, suggesting that most people can hold around seven pieces of information in their mind at once, with a possible range of items depending on the individual.
What is 7 ± 2?
This occurs when older information interferes with the recall of new information but can be reduced when the category of information changes.
What are proactive interference and release from proactive interference?
Atkinson and Shiffrin proposed that people use these intentional strategies, such as rehearsal, to enhance memory retention.
What are control processes?