Functional Classification
attaches femur to the tibia
ACL ligament
connect bones with the collagen fibers of dense connective tissue
Mostly immovable
-Ex. Bones in the skull are held together = fibrous joints called sutures
Fibrous joints
Also known as a “plane” joint
= When one flat bone surface glides or slips over another (back and forth or side to side)
gliding joint
: moving limb in a circle; Ex. Making circles with arms
Circumduction
connective tissue that bonds the calf muscle and calcaneus bone (heel)
Achilles tendon
connect bones with cartilage
Can be rigid but also slightly movable
Cartilaginous joints
Allow rotation as well as twisting movements back and forth
Supination = turn/twist forward
Pronation = turn/twist backward
pivot joint
lifting (then lowering) a body part superiorly; Ex. Shrugging your shoulders, jaw dropping
Elevation and depression:
Non-moving joints
Ex. The part of the skull that protects the brain = cranium
Synarthroses
connect bones with dense connective tissues AND a fluid filled joint cavity
Synovial joints
Like a pedestal with a joint on top
Allows movements like flexion/extension, as well as abduction and adduction
condylar
: Ex. Sticking jaw out (to make an under bite) and back in
Protraction and retraction
Slightly-moving joints
Ex. Where pubic bones meet in the pelvis
Amphiarthroses
that covers the opposing bone surfaces
Articular cartilage
Allows opposition movements as well as flexion/extension, abduction/adduction
Ex. Thumb joints
saddle joint
: Lifting foot up and down at the ankle
Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
Freely moving joints
Ex. Like knee and elbow joints, mainly in our limbs
Diarthroses
almost frictionless material in the cavity that acts as a lubricant
Synovial fluid
Lots of maneuverability
Allow rotational movements, abduction/adduction, flexion/extension
ball and socket
: Turning the foot towards the midline of the body vs. turning away from the midline of the body
Inversion and eversion