CLASSWORK - Ch. 11 Nutrients and Diets
Nutrition
Nutrition includes all body processes relating to food. These include digestion, absorption, metabolism, circulation, and elimination.
Osteoporosis
condition in which bones become porous (full of tiny openings) and break easily; one cause is long-term deficiencies of calcium, magnesium, and vitamin D
Cellulose
the fibrous, indigestible form of plant carbohydrate. It is important because it provides bulk in the digestive tract and causes regular bowel movements
Antioxidants
organic molecules that help protect the body from harmful chemicals called free radicals
Metabolism
the process in which nutrients are used by the cells for building tissue, providing energy, and regulating various body functions
Nutritional status
refers to the state or condition of ones nutrition
metabolic disease caused by an insufficient secretion or use of insulin leading to an increased level of glucose (sugar) in the blood
Lipids
commonly called fats and oils, are organic compounds
Minerals
inorganic (nonliving) elements found in all body tissues
Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
The rate at which the body uses energy just for maintaining its own tissue, without doing any voluntary work
Wellness
a state of good health with optimal body function
Malnutrition
the state of poor nutrition; may be caused by poor diet or illness
Cholesterol
a sterol lipid found in body cells and animal products. It is used in the production of steroid hormones, vitamin D, and bile acids
Digestion
the process by which the body breaks down food into smaller parts, changes the food chemically, and moves the food through the digestive system
Body Mass Index (BMI)
A calculation that measures weight in relation to height and correlates this with body fat
Hypertension
high blood pressure; may be caused by an excess amount of fat or salt in the diet; can lead to diseases of the heart, blood vessels, and kidneys
composed of chemical elements found in food. They are used by the body to perform many different body functions
Proteins
the basic components of all body cells. They are essential for building and repairing tissue, regulating body functions, producing antibodies that help prevent infection and disease, and providing energy and heat
Peristalsis
a rhythmic, wavelike motion of the muscles
Bulimarexia
Psychological disorder in which a person alternately binges and then induces vomiting or uses laxatives to get rid of food.
Atherosclerosis
condition in which arteries are narrowed by the accumulation of fatty substances on their inner surfaces
Carbohydrates
the major source of readily usable human energy. They are commonly called starches or sugars
Vitamins
organic compounds that are essential to life. They are important for metabolism, tissue building, and regulation of body processes
Absorption
the process in which blood or lymph capillaries pick up the digested nutrients
Calorie
Unit used to measure the amount of heat produces during metabolism; it measure the energy content of food.