CLASSWORK - Ch. 11 Nutrients and Diets
Nutrition
Nutrition: All body processes relating to food, including digestion, absorption, metabolism, circulation, and elimination.
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis: A condition in which bones become porous and break easily; caused by long-term deficiencies of calcium, magnesium, and vitamin D.
Cellulose
Cellulose: The fibrous, indigestible form of plant carbohydrate that provides bulk in the digestive tract.
Antioxidants
Antioxidants: Organic molecules that help protect the body from harmful chemicals called free radicals.
Absorption
Absorption: The process in which blood or lymph capillaries pick up digested nutrients.
Nutritional status
Nutritional status: The state or condition of one's nutrition.
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus: A metabolic disease caused by insufficient secretion or use of insulin, leading to increased blood glucose.
Lipids
Lipids (Fats): Organic compounds including triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols that provide concentrated energy and insulation.
Minerals
Minerals: Inorganic elements found in all body tissues that regulate body fluids and assist in functions.
Metabolism
Metabolism: The process in which nutrients are used by the cells for building tissue and providing energy.
Wellness
Wellness: A state of good health with optimal body function.
Malnutrition
Malnutrition: The state of poor nutrition caused by poor diet or illness.
Cholesterol
Cholesterol: A sterol lipid found in body cells and animal products used to produce steroid hormones, vitamin D, and bile acids.
Water
Water: A nutrient found in all body tissues; essential for digestion and moving waste.
Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
Basal metabolic rate (BMR): The rate at which the body uses energy just for maintaining its own tissue without voluntary work.
Hypertension
Hypertension: High blood pressure; may be caused by an excess amount of fat or salt in the diet.
Essential nutrients
Essential nutrients: Chemical elements found in food used by the body to perform various functions.
Proteins
Proteins: The basic components of all body cells, essential for building and repairing tissue and producing antibodies.
Digestion
Digestion: The process by which the body breaks down food into smaller parts and changes it chemically.
Anorexia nervosa
Anorexia nervosa: A psychological disorder involving loss of appetite and excessive weight loss.
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis: A condition in which arteries are narrowed by the accumulation of fatty substances.
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates: The major source of readily usable human energy, commonly called starches or sugars.
Vitamins
Vitamins: Organic compounds essential for metabolism, tissue building, and regulation of body processes.
Peristalsis
Peristalsis: A rhythmic, wavelike motion of the muscles that moves food through the digestive tract.
Bulimia
Bulimia: A psychological disorder where a person alternately binges and fasts.