CLASSWORK - Ch. 11 Nutrients and Diets
Absorption
Act or process of sucking up or in; taking in of nutrients
Bland diet
Diet containing only mild-flavored foods with soft textures
Cellulose
Fibrous form of carbohydrate
Essential nutrients
Those elements in food required by the body for proper function
Lipids
Organic compounds commonly called fats and oils; provide the most concentrated form of energy for the body
Anorexia
Loss of appetite.
Body mass index (BMI)
A calculation that measures weight in relation to height and correlates this with body fat; used to determine if an individual is underweight, has ideal weight, or is overweight
Cholesterol
Fatlike substance synthesized in the liver and found in body cells and animal fats
Fat-restricted diets
Diets with limited amounts of fats, or lipids
Low-cholesteral diet
Diet that restricts foods high in saturated fat.
Antioxidants
Enzymes or organic molecule; help protect the body from harmful chemicals called free radicals
Calorie
Unit of measurement of the fuel value of food.
Diabetes mellitus
Metabolic disease caused by an insufficient secretion or utilization of insulin and leading to an increased amount of glucose (sugar) in the blood and urine
Fats
Also called a lipid; nutrient that provides the most concentrated form of energy; highest-calorie energy nutrient; overweight
Malnutrition
Poor nutrition; without adequate food and nutrients
Atherosclerosis
Form of arteriosclerosis characterized by accumulation of fats or mineral deposits on the inner walls of the arteries, arteries are narrowed
Calorie-controlled diets
Include both low-calorie and high-calorie diets.
Low calorie: used for patients who are overweight
High calorie: used for patients who are underweight or have anorexia nervosa, hyperthyroidism, or cancer.
Diabetic diet
Used for patients with diabetes mellitus, body doesn't produce enough insulin
Fiber Diets
High-fiber or low-fiber. High fiber is used to stimulate activity on the digestive tract. Low fiber eliminates or limits food that are high in bulk and fiber. Used for patients with digestive and rectal diseases.
Metabolism
The use of food nutrients by the body to produce energy
Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
The rate at which the body uses energy just for maintaining its own tissue, without doing any voluntary work
Carbohydrates
Group of chemical substances including sugars, cellulose, and starches; nutrients that provide the greatest amount of energy in the average diet
Digestion
Physical and chemical breakdown of food by the body in preparation for absorption
Hypertension
High blood pressure
Minerals
Inorganic substances essential to life