Ch. 11 Nutrients and Diets
Absorption
- The process in which blood picks up digested nutrients.
Bland diet
- easily digested food that does not irritate the digestive tract.
Calorie-controlled diets
- both low-calorie and high-calorie diets.
Diabetic diet
- used for patients with diabetes mellitus.
Fiber diets
- diets with foods high in fiber or low in fiber
anorexia nervosa
- psychological disorder in which a person drastically reduces food intake or refuses to eat at all.
body mass index
- Calculation that measures weight in relation to height
Carbohydrates
- major source of readily usable human energy
Digestion
- body breaks down food into smaller parts.
Hypertension
- High blood pressure.
Antioxidants
- organic molecules that help protect the body from harmful chemicals.
Bulimarexia
- Psychological disorder in which a person alternately binges and then induces vomiting or uses laxatives to get rid of food that has been eaten.
Cellulose
- fibrous, indigestible form of plant carbohydrates.
Essential nutrients
- Composed of chemical elements found in food.
Lipids
- organic compounds.
Atherosclerosis
- Arteries are narrowed by the accumulation of fatty substances on their inner surfaces.
Bulimia
- psychological disorder in which a person alternately binges and then fasts, or refuses to eat at all.
Cholesterol
- sterol lipid found in body cells and animal products.
Fat-restricted diets
- limit fats to less than 50 grams daily.
Liquid diets
- include both clear liquids and full liquids.
basal metabolic rate
- the rate at which the body uses energy for just maintaining its own tissue, without doing any voluntary work.
Calorie
- the amount of heat produced during metabolism.
Diabetes mellitus
- Caused by insufficient secretion or use of insulin leading to an increased level of glucose in the blood.
Fats
- oils
Low-cholesterol diet
- restricts food that contain cholesterol and usually limits fats to less than 50 grams daily.