CLASSWORK - Ch. 11 Nutrients and Diets
What is Absorption
The process in which blood or lymph capillaries pick up the digested nutrients.
What is Anorexia nervosa
Commonly called anorexia, a psychological disorder in which a person drastically reduces food intake or refuses to eat at all.
Organic molecules that help protect the body from harmful chemicals called free radicals.
What is Atherosclerosis
A condition in which arteries are narrowed by the accumulation of fatty substances on their inner surfaces, thought to be caused by a diet high in saturated fats and cholesterol, can lead to heart attack or stroke.
What is Basal metabolic rate
Rate in which the body uses energy just for maintaining its own tissue, without doing any voluntary work, is called the basal metabolic rate.
What is Bland diet
Consists of easily digested foods that do not irritate the digestive tract.
What is BOdy mass index
Calculation that measures weight in relation to height and correlates this with body fat.
What is Bulimarexia
Psychological disorder in which a person alternately binges and then induces vomiting or uses laxatives to get rid of food that has been eaten.
What is Bulimia
A psychological disorder in which a person alternately binges and then fasts, or refuses to eat at all.
What is Calorie
Measure unit for the amount of heat produced during metabolism.
What is Calorie-controlled diets
Include both low-calorie and high-calorie diets. Low ones are for overweight patients, while high ones are for underweight or have certain diseases. High calorie diets also avoid some high calorie foods that digest slowly and spoil the appetite.
What is Carbohydrates
Major source of readily usable human energy, which are commonly called starches or sugars.
What is Cellulose
Fibrous, indigestible form of plant carbohydrate. It is important because it provides bulk in the digestive tract and causes regular bowel movements.
What is Cholesterol
Sterol lipid found in body cells and animal products. It is used in the production of steroid hormones, vitamin D, and bile acids.
What is Diabetes mellitus
Metabolic disease caused by an insufficient secretion or use of insulin leading to an increased level of glucose (sugar) in the blood; heredity, obesity, lack of exercise, and diets high in carbohydrates and sugars contribute to individuals developing this disease.
What is Diabetic diet
Used for patients with diabetes mellitus. Patients take insulin by injection.
What is Digestion
Process by which the body breaks down food into smaller parts, changes the food chemically, and moves the food through the digestive system.
What is Essential nutrients
Composed of chemical elements found in food. They are used by the body to perform many different body functions.
What is Fat-restricted diets
Also called low-fat diets. Usually limit fats to less than 50 grams daily.
What is Fats
Also called lipids. Organic compounds. Contain more oxygen than carbohydrates do.
What is Fiber diets
Classified as high fiber or low fiber. High ones provide at least 30 grams of fiber without seeds or nuts. It is used to stimulate activity in the digestive tract. Low ones have less than 10-15 grams of fiber. It is used for patients who have digestive and rectal diseases
What is Hypertension
High blood pressure, may be caused by an excess amount of fat or salt in the diet, can lead to disease of the heart, blood vessels, and kidneys.
What is Lipds
Also called fat. Organic compounds. Contain more oxygen than carbohydrates do.
What is Liquid diets
Include both clear liquids and full liquids. All foods are liquid at body temperature.
What is Low-cholesterol diet
Restricts foods that contain cholesterol and usually limits fats to less than 50 grams daily. Used for patients with atherosclerosis and heart disease.