CLASSWORK : Ch. 7.8 Circulatory System Key Terms
Aortic Valve
Aortic Valve: The valve located between the left ventricle and the aorta. It closes after the left ventricle contracts to prevent blood from flowing back into the left ventricle.
Circulatory System
Circulatory System: Also known as the cardiovascular system, it is the "transportation" system of the body. It consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
Left Atrium
Left Atrium: The upper-left chamber of the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.
Pericardium
Pericardium: The double-layered membrane, or sac, that covers the outside of the heart.
Septum
Septum: The muscular wall that separates the heart into a right side and a left side, preventing blood from moving between the two sides.
Arrhythmias
Arrhythmias: Abnormal heart rhythms, which can be mild to life-threatening.
Diastole
Diastole: The brief period of rest during the cardiac cycle, when the chambers of the heart relax and fill with blood.
Left Ventricle
Left Ventricle: The lower-left chamber of the heart that receives blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the aorta for transport to the body cells.
plasma
Plasma: The fluid component of blood, which is approximately 90 percent water and contains many dissolved substances like proteins, nutrients, and gases.
Systole
Systole: The period of ventricular contraction during the cardiac cycle, when blood is pumped out of the ventricles.
Arteries
Arteries: Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.
Endocardium
Endocardium: The smooth layer of cells that lines the inside of the heart and is continuous with the inside of blood vessels.
leukocytes
Leukocytes: Also known as white blood cells, their main function is to fight infection.
Pulmonary Valve:
Pulmonary Valve: The valve located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. It closes after the right ventricle contracts to prevent blood from flowing back into the right ventricle.
Thrombocytes
Thrombocytes: Also known as platelets, they are cell fragments that are important for the clotting process to stop bleeding.
blood
Blood: The fluid that flows through the circulatory system. It is often called a tissue because it contains many kinds of cells and transports oxygen, nutrients, waste products, hormones, and heat.
Erythrocytes:
Erythrocytes: Also known as red blood cells, they are produced in the red bone marrow and contain hemoglobin. Their function is to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Mitral Valve
Mitral Valve: The valve located between the left atrium and left ventricle. It closes when the left ventricle contracts to prevent blood from flowing back into the left atrium.
Right Ventricle
Right Ventricle: The lower-right chamber of the heart that receives blood from the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary artery, which carries the blood to the lungs for oxygen.
tricuspid valve
Tricuspid Valve: The valve located between the right atrium and the right ventricle. It closes when the right ventricle contracts to prevent blood from flowing back into the right atrium.
Capillaries
Capillaries: The smallest blood vessels, which connect arterioles (small arteries) with venules (small veins). Their thin walls allow for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products with body cells.
Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin: A complex protein found in red blood cells that is composed of globin and heme (an iron compound). It carries both oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Myocardium
Myocardium: The muscular middle layer of the heart; it is the thickest layer.
Right Atrium
Right Atrium: The upper-right chamber of the heart that receives blood as it returns from the body cells.
veins
Veins: Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart.