Cases
THIS CASE, new in Stage 17, always always always always always has "of _____" in the translation.
What is the Genitive?
What are historically masculine occupations, like poeta, agricola, nauta, etc?
Nouns & adjectives in Latin agree in these three qualities.
What are Case Number and Gender?
positive imperative = DO this!
negative imperative = DON'T do this!
omnēs iuvenēs HANC PUELLAM, quae pulcherrrrrrrrrima est, amat.
quis est Helena?
Name each of the cases & their functions.
Nom - Subject
Gen - "of ____"
Dat - "to/for _____", indirect object
Acc - direct object, some prepositions
Abl - some prepositions
(Voc - shouting someone's name)
The second declension contains words of THESE two genders, and THIS is how you tell them apart.
Masculine, Neuter
hortUS, hortī = masculine
templUM, templī = neuter
Identify the pair and C N G, then translate the whole sentence:
Clemens felem sacram, quae in templō Isidis habitat, amat.
felem sacram = Acc Sing Fem
Clemens loves the sacred cat which lives in the temple of Isis.
THIS is a synonym for the grammar term "imperative"
What is command?
pater HUIUS VIRĪ erat scriptor Graceus notissimus.
quis est Aristo?
Identify the word(s) in the genitive case, then translate the whole sentence:
Clemens statuam pulcherrimam deae Isidis, quae in cellā templī Isidis stat, spectat.
deae Isidis, templī, Isidis
Clemens sees the super pretty statue OF the goddess Isis, which stands in the sanctuary OF the temple OF Isis.
3rd declension words can be any gender -- THESE are three ways you can determine the gender of a 3rd declension noun.
1. context (look for a matching adj, like feles sacra)
2. historical gender (is it a word like mercator or senex or iuvenis?)
3. look it up in the dictionary (like caput, capitis (n))
HIC & ILLE are "demonstrative pronouns" which function as adjectives and thus match their nouns in C N G -- THIS is how you translate them in the singular & plural.
HIC = this, these
ILLE = that, those
TE at the end
ambula! vs ambulate!
noli ambulāre! vs nolite ambulāre!
HAEC in cellā templī deae Īsidis habitat et amica Clementī est.
quis est feles sacra?
The genitive case is included in the dictionary entry for nouns because it shows us these TWO important things.
What is the declension of a word and the stem/root of a word?
ex: faber, fabrī
the ī lets you know it's 2nd declension and that the stem of the word is fabr-
THESE are the two neuter rules which are always applied to neuter nouns regardless of declension.
1. Nom & Acc always match
2. Nom & Acc plurals are -a
Identify the pair(s) and C N G, then translate the whole sentence:
Clemens statuam pulcherrimam deae Isidis, quae in cellā templī Isidis stat, spectat.
statuam pulcherrimam = Acc Sing Fem
deae Isidis = Gen Sing Fem
THIS is how you form a negative imperative (& give an example).
noli(te) + infinitive
noli currere!
nolite domīre!
HAEC FEMINA multōs tubicinēs et citharoedōs amicōs habet.
quis est Galatea?
hic vir "praesidium" tabernariīs in viā vitreariōrum offerat.
hic vir - Nom subject
praesidium - Acc direct object
tabernariīs - Dat indirect object
in viā - Abl w preposition
vitreariorum - Gen "of _____"
Write out the endings of all three declensions (whole team can help).
Identify the pair(s) and C N G, then translate the whole sentence:
hae puellae in illā pompā currebant et multōs florēs spectatoribus dabant.
hae puellae = Nom Pl Fem
illā pompā = Abl Sing Fem
multōs florēs = Acc Pl Masc
THIS is the name for the case often seen with imperatives, because you use it when you shout, or maybe "invoke" someone's name.
What is the Vocative case?
HIC VIR "praesidium" tabernariīs in viā vitreariōrum offerat.
quis est Eutychus?