Evolution of Cleanliness
In which city did the development of cleanliness initiatives begin in the 1800s, due to rapid growth and subsequent waste management issues.
What is Chicago?
This essential public health measure, popularized by advertising in the early 1900s, significantly reduced mortality rates when coupled with advancements in germ theory and water purification techniques.
What is bathing and cleanliness?
According to Thomas, what aspect of cleanliness narratives often overlooks the lack of access to innovations in impoverished areas like Sao Paulo or Mumbai.
What is the lack of access to innovation due to poverty?
According to proper bathroom etiquette, it's polite to do this after using the toilet.
What is "flushing" or "washing your hands"?
What method was employed in Chicago to solve the waste management issue, involving raising parts of the city and installing sewer systems.
What is raising the city and installing sewer systems?
What initiative, launched by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, challenged innovators to create affordable, non-sewage, non-electric toilets.
What is “Reinvent the Toilet”?
What critique, shared by Noble and D’Ignazio & Klein, highlights the unequal distribution of cleanliness innovations and their availability to the general public.
What is the exclusion of certain socioeconomic groups from access to cleanliness innovations?
These are the colors of the tiles used in the John Jay College bathroom.
What are blue and white?
What severe illness, often caused by consuming contaminated food or water, led to the establishment of the Chicago Board of Sewerage Commissioners.
What is Cholera?
Who was the Hungarian doctor who first proposed the idea of washing hands to prevent the spread of germs in medical settings, but tragically faced ridicule and rejection.
Who is Semmelweis?
According to Hornberg, what aspect of human nature influenced the pace of technological development in cleanliness.
What is the tendency to be one with surroundings rather than maintain constant cleanliness?
The faucets in the John Jay College bathroom are equipped with this feature, which helps conserve water.
What is a motion sensor?
What prompted the need for a more efficient waste removal method in Chicago during its rapid expansion in the mid-1850s.
What is the flat landscape of Chicago, which presented challenges for waste removal due to the lack of natural drainage?
What substance was experimented with in the early 1900s by John Leal to purify water, leading to a significant reduction in mortality rates in American cities.
What is chlorine?
This scholar would concur with Johnson's perspective on the influence of advertising on the adoption of new cleanliness technologies.
Who is Hall?
This common cleaning tool has been known to cause more mess than it cleans, especially in the hands of someone with good intentions but little skill.
What is a mop?