Anatomy and Physiology
The column that separates the nostrils externally is called?
Columnella
When does the hard and soft palate begin to form in utero?
9 weeks
True or False: The primary palate includes the lip and alveolar ridge which are anterior to the incisive foramen.
True
What reflex allows for the search of a nipple?
Rooting reflex
Define resonance
Modification of sound through the vocal tract, nasal cavity, oral cavity, and articulators
What are 3 important aspects to a case history?
Birth hx, medical hx, surgical hx, speech/lang hx, feeding hx, QoL
Whats the difference between primary surgery and secondary surgery?
Primary = close the cleft
Secondary = appearance and function
What separates the nasal cavity into two nostrils?
nasal septum
When does closure of the lip and alveolar ridge begin in utero?
7 weeks
What type of cleft of the primary palate does not extend to the incisive foramen?
Incomplete cleft palate.
Compression of the nipple against the hard palate creates what type of pressure for fluid to release?
Positive
Define VP dysfunction
VP valve does not close completely and consistently for oral sounds
Why are audiological assessments important with cleft palate?
More horizontal Eustachain tube, less ability for drainage = more ear infections, may not be able to hear cues for speech therapy tasks
What is the earliest age that a cleft lip can be repaired?
10 weeks
What is the skin of the lips called?
Vermilion
Define what a cleft lip is.
Failure for the lip/alveolar ridge to fuse in utero
If both sides of the nostril are affected from cleft lip, is it bilateral or unilateral?
Bilateral
What is the function of suck-swallow-breathe?
To reduce risk of aspiration, allow for breathing after swallows.
Define VPIns
Anatomical or structural deficit
What are 3 aspects of an oral mech (either structures or reason for OME)
Jaw, lips, cheeks, tongue, hard/soft palate, uvula, facial symmetry
ROM, coordination, tone, strength, color
What is the name of cleft palate repair?
palatoplasty
What is another name for the soft palate?
Velum
Define what a cleft palate is
Midline along hard/soft palate does not fuse appropriately in utero
What are two effects that can occur from cleft of the primary palate?
Reduced nasal airway, resonance issues, malocclusions
What are two possible feeding difficulties from cleft palate/lip?
Poor oral suction, inadequate intake, lengthy feeding times, nasal regurgitation, excessive air intake, coughing/choking
Define VPinc
What is one name of an articulation test that you can use for cleft palate?
GFTA, CAAP, Arizona
What is the name of a VP port repair?
pharyngoplasty
What is the function of the velopharyngeal mechanism?
To elevate for non-oral sounds and swallowing to reduce nasal emission and nasal regurgitation
What anatomical marker is used to determine the difference between a complete cleft palate and incomplete cleft palate?
Incisive foramen
What type of cleft is characterized by a blue tint and V-shape during phonation?
When does cleft palate repair generally occur?
9-10 months
What is the difference between hypernasality and hyponasaslity?
Hyper = too much airflow; Hypo = not enough airflow
What are types of speech errors that may occur with cleft palate?
More posterior positioning of sounds, nasal emission, resonance issues, consonant distortions, vowel distortions
No foods with sharp edges
No chewy foods
No sticky foods
No soup
No spoons
No nuts?