French and Indian War
british view after the war
reaction to boston tea party
intolerable acts, aimed at punishing boston+colonies
african americans
5k fought, promised freedom, some troops were mixed, others only AA
the first constitution of the Unites States of America, ratified November of 1777
what are the Articles of Confederation?
two main parties
federalists - strong federal gov, anti- states rights
colony's view after the war
proud of victory, not impressed with british leadership + strategies
boston massacre(march 1770)
boston harrassed gaurds, were shot at, 5 died. Crispus Attucks = anti-slavery symbol, ANTI-BRITISH
american participation
40% were actively joining the fight, 25% loyalists, rest were neutral
1st continental congress
all sans GA, focussed on restoring relations with the crown
separation of powers
executive- president, legislative- congress, judicial-supreme court. checks+balances
immediate effects of british victory
unchallenged in NA, dominant naval power, colonies didn't have to worry about French, Spanish, Natives
townshend acts(1767)
tax on imports, could search homes w/o warrants, taxes paid officials
differences in troops
GB- $, people, trained. USA-committed, knew the area, mostly NE + VA, 20k at a time
2nd continental congress
met in philly may 1775, NE-independance, Middle-negotiate, called for troops, Gen. Washington
Bill of Rights
compromise for state/individual rights, able to ratify new constitution
how did england reorganize
more forceful instead of neglectful, raised taxes, banned frontier living
new taxes
sugar, printed papers, passing laws w/o representation, imports(tea, glass)
american diplomacy
USA won saratoga, french agreed to help with funds and supplies
declaration of independance
july 4 , 1776 - 13 states of America declared independance from GB, United States
weakness of articles
no taxing power, unable to unite the states
the first 3 wars that preceded the french+indian war
King William's war, Queen Anne's war, King George's War focussed on power, trade, colonies
supporters vs opponents to independance
pro- wealthy merchants(NY+PN) southern planters anti- VA+MA
Native Americans
originally wanted to stay out of conflict, attacks from US, sided w/ GB for limited expansion
treaty of paris(1783)
USA is indpendant of GB, MS river is the US boundary, US can fish in canada, US gives back GB debts + loyalists
cabinet under washington
s. state, s. treasury, s. war, att, general