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What is the difference between climate and weather?
Weather = short-term; climate = long-term average patterns.
Why do coastal regions often have milder climates than inland areas?
Water warms and cools slower than land, so coasts have milder temps.
Why is the climate usually colder at the poles?
Sunlight hits at a low angle, spreading over a larger area.
What is the greenhouse effect and why is it important for life on Earth?
Gases trap heat, keeping Earth warm enough for life.
Why do places near the equator usually have warmer climate?
Because it receives more direct sunlight year-round
What is the role of winds in shaping local climates?
Move warm/cold air, spreading heat around the planet.
How do forests influence local and global climate?
Absorb CO₂, produce oxygen, and influence rainfall.
How do volcanoes influence the climate?
Release dust/gases that can temporarily cool the climate.
How does the tilt of the Earth influence the seasons?
Parts of the Earth get different sunlight during the year.
How do mountains and altitude influence the climate of a region?
Higher = colder; mountains block rain (rain shadow effect).
In what way do deserts influence the climate of surrounding areas?
Reflect sunlight, create dry, hot climates nearby.
What is the role of the atmosphere in controlling the Earth’s climate?
Traps heat, protects from harmful rays, balances temperature.
Why are some regions more vulnerable to climate change than others?
Poor infrastructure or extreme climates make adaptation harder.
In what way do oceans affect the climate of nearby land areas?
They store and release heat slowly, moderating temperature.
How do ocean currents like the Gulf Stream affect the climate in Europe?
Warm currents (like Gulf Stream) make nearby regions warmer; cold ones cool areas.
How does human activity (for example, factories, cars, farming) change the climate?
Burns fossil fuels → greenhouse gases → global warming.
How does melting ice in the Arctic and Antarctic influence global climate?
Reduces reflection (albedo), warming Earth further, raising sea levels.
How can individuals help to reduce human impact on the climate?
Use less energy, recycle, plant trees, use public transport, eat less meat.