Waves
Short, tight waves, regular activity when you are awake
Alpha waves
Healthiest sleep stage
Stage 4
Sleep is needed for proper _______ system function such as concentration, mood stability, release of growth hormone, cellular repair, coordination, and MEMORY ENCODING
Nervous
a decline from a previously established level of cognitive and functional performance of an individual that is sufficient to interfere with daily activities
Normal aging of the nervous system; symptom of other disease
4th leading cause of death in adults
Dementia
Multiple infarcts over time (mini strokes); 2nd most common form of dementia
Vascular dementia
Big waves, may be setting off dreams throughout the night (stage 3 and 4)
Delta waves
Adult standard for number of hours of sleep needed
8-9 hours
Daytime sleep attacks; irresistible desire to sleep several times a day lasting for 1-2 minutes; may have hypnogogic hallucinations at sleep onset; cataplexy (muscle paralysis)
Alzheimer's disease
genetic link (recessive); destruction of the striatum
Huntington's disease
Spread out more, slowing down and relaxing; moving into stage 1 of sleep (awake and REM sleep)
Beta waves
Infants need how many hours of sleep?
16 hours/day
Narcolepsy is a distortion of which sleep stage?
REM
Mini mental status examination, clock drawing test, dementia rating scale, wechsler adult intelligence scale
cognitive decline; gait disturbance; urinary incontinence; usually lateral ventricles involved; presents like PD
Normal pressure hydrocephalus
Widening, falling asleep (stage 1, REM sleep)
Theta waves
Teens need how many hours a day of sleep?
9 hours/night
Visual tracking; inconsistent but observable ability to follow simple commands (RLA 2-3); inconsistent but clear moments of primitive communication
Minimally conscious
Periods of appearing awake; no evident cerebral cortical function; eyes open spontaneously but do not track or fix; startle reaction may be present; persistent = if present more than a year
Wakeful unresponsiveness (vegetative)
Thiamine; Niacin; B12 deficiency; common in alcoholics
Wernicke-Korsakoff dementia
Dreams
Adults need how many hours of sleep?
7-8 hours/night
Lowest level of consciousness; complete unresponsiveness; advanced brain failure; use GCS; use recovery scale about a week later
Coma
Neurofibrillary tangles similar to AD, infiltrates in dopaminergic neurons
Lewy body dementia
Picks disease; ALS; PD; idiopathic
Frontotemporal dementia