6
Lung field can be abnormally white due to
Pneumonia, atelectasis, pleural effusion
Draw out any additional fluid, needle in pleural space through posterior intercostal space
Thoracentesis
T/F : it is a good thing to see very well defined lungs on a Xray ?
False, not good to see very defined lungs on Xray
Fluid is a lighter color, will move depending on position of patient, transverse view, effusion follows gravity
CT scan
Lung field abnormally black due to
Pneumothorax, COPD
Arteriogram
radioisotope to perfused myocardium; performs a stress test
Thallium test
What is reversible thallium defect?
Area of damage to the heart, but can overcome and refill with rest
What is non-reversible defect?
Damage to the heart is significant and person is not getting blood flow at all during exercise or with rest.
Viewing the heart from outside the body while its contracting; views blood velocity and its direction; looking at how the heart is functioning and changes in wave forms from different directions
Echocardiogram
Visualizes blood vessels and the flow and velocity of blood; looking for change in blood flow
Doppler ultrasonography
Shows visual of DVT; comparing sizes of the DVT
Venogram
Ways to improve blood flow
Muscle pumps, isometric contractions, warm up bike?
The parietal pleural reflects deep into a recess between the diaphragm and chest wall; a circular ditch where pleural fluid can gravitate
Costophrenic angles
How many ml will fill up the deeper posterior sulcus and be evident on the lateral radiograph
100 ml
R mediastinal border is made up mostly of:
Superior vena cava and R atrium
L mediastinal border has 3 major bumps
Aortic arch, L atrial appendage, and L ventricle
Anterior mediastinal mass (in front of the heart) can be due to
Goiter, thymoma, lymphoma
Appears on radiograph as a tangle of vessels on either side of the heart
The hilum
Middle mediastinal mass can be due to
Esophageal or bronchial carcinoma
The posterior mediastinal mass (behind the heart) can be due to
Aortic aneurysm, neurogenic masses
1. evaluate s/s potentially related to the respiratory, cardiovascular and upper GI symptoms
2. Evaluation of extra thoracic diseases that secondarily involves the chest
3. follow up of known thoracic disease processes
4. monitoring patients with life support devices
5. surveillance studies as required by public law (screening for TB)
Indications for chest radiography
________ view incurs more radiation exposure and less useful clinical info, and is often 2nd level decision based on findings obtained from the PA
Lateral
Reading chest Xray A-J
A: airway ; B: bones ; C = cardiac contours ; D: Diaphragm ; E: effusion ; F: fields of the lungs ; G: gastric bubbles ; H: hilum ; I: inspiration : J: jazz
Areas anterior, superior and posterior to the mediastinum are normally ________ because they are filled with air.
Radiolucent