Urine Sediment
Term for fat in the urine
What is lipuria?
What is a state of balance among all the body systems needed for the body to survive and function correctly
Blood tube that contains Gel that forms a physical barrier between serum and blood cells
What is serum separator tube?
Most plasma proteins are produced by what organ?
What is the liver?
Which organ stores bile acids and releases bile acids after a meal?
What is the Gallbladder?
2 chemical test abnormalities of urine that can be increased with Diabetes Mellitus.
What are Glucose and Ketones?
Anticoagulant of choice that preserves glucose.
What is sodium fluoride?
What are urine findings that are formed in the lumen of the distal and collecting tubules of the kidney and are classified by their appearance?
What are casts?
2 common tests for kidney function in veterinary patients.
What are BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) and creatinine?
Spectrophotometric blood chemistry analyzers use principles based on _________ Law.
What is Beer's Law?
Name the 3 most common protein assays in Veterinary Medicine.
What are Total Protein, Albumin, and Fibrinogen?
1 of the 2 enzymes associated with cholestasis.
What are Alkaline Phosphatase (ALKP) and Gamma Glutamyltransferase (GGT)?
Urease Bacteria are most commonly found in urine with ________ pH.
What is alkaline/high pH?
Lab test that indicates average serum glucose over the half-life of albumin (1 to 2 weeks).
What is Fructosamine?
Clear and colorless cast, Increased with fever, poor renal fusion, exercise, or general anesthesia
What are hyaline casts?
Principle end product of amino acid breakdown.
What is Urea?
Approximately what percentage of kidney tissue must be damaged before blood levels of Creatinine increase?
What is 75%?
Which plasma protein assay component makes up 35 to 50% of the total plasma protein values in most animals?
What is Albumin?
Which tests are the only 2 readily available tests for enzymes released from damaged liver cells?
What are AST and ALT?
Aspartate Transaminase
Alanine Transaminase
While a small amount of Bilirubin may be found in some species, any Bilirubin in the urine of this species is considered abnormal and suggests disease.
What are felines?
Name 2 clinical tests that evaluate the exocrine function of the pancreas in canines that are commonly done in house.
What are Amylase and Lipase
Two types of bacteriuria which we may identify
What are cocci and rods (bacilli)?
Dehydration can affect which of the 2 kidney blood tests?
What is Blood Urea Nitrogen?
Which test is performed using supernatant from the spun urine sample to help confirm significant amounts of protein in the urine?
What is the Urine Protein:Creatinine Ratio?
Which type of bilirubin is most likely to be increased in a patient with suspected bile duct obstruction?
What is conjugated bilirubin?
Which plasma lipoprotein is produced primarily in the liver but also ingested in food?
What is cholesterol?
Assay that gives the first indicator of a protein abnormality. Hint: ratio
What is Albumin:Globulin ratio?
Lab test that is specific for pancreatitis and recommended for feline patients.
What is serum Pancreatic Lipase Immunoreactivity test fPLI?
Microorganism that may be found in urine sediment, is filamentous and branching. Rare, but serious if found
What are fungi?
The Iohexol Clearance Test is an example of a test used to estimate what in canine and feline patients?
What is Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)?
Plasma or serum _______ is an index of renal function in birds.
What is uric acid?
A patient that is suspected of having a portosystemic shunt would likely have an elevated level of which hepatocyte function test?
What is serum Bile Acids test?
Which 2 tests of hepatocyte function are the most sensitive indicators of liver function?
What are Bilirubin and Bile Acids?
Term for the concentration of a substance dissolved in the blood above which the kidneys begin to remove it into the urine.
What is the renal threshold?
Ketone produced in greatest amounts in ketoacidotic patients.
What is Beta-hydroxybutyrate?