Urinary Crystals
Urine Sediment
Kidney Tests
All mixed up
Plasma Proteins and Hepatobiliary Tests
Plasma Proteins and Hepatobiliary Tests #2
Urine chemistry tests
100
Term for crystals in the urine
What is crystalluria?
100
Term for fat in the urine
What is lipuria?
100
One of the kidneys major roles in the body is maintaining homeostasis. Define homeostasis.
What is a state of balance among all the body systems needed for the body to survive and function correctly
100
Blood tube that contains Gel that forms a physical barrier between serum and blood cells
What is serum separator tube?
100
Most plasma proteins are produced by what organ?
What is the liver?
100
Which organ stores bile acids and releases bile acids after a meal?
What is the Gallbladder?
100
2 chemical test abnormalities of urine that can be increased with Diabetes Mellitus.
What are Glucose and Ketones?
200
Breed of dog known for having uric acid crystals
What are Dalmatians?
200
What are urine findings that are formed in the lumen of the distal and collecting tubules of the kidney and are classified by their appearance?
What are casts?
200
2 common tests for kidney function in veterinary patients.
What are BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) and creatinine?
200
Spectrophotometric blood chemistry analyzers use principles based on _________ Law.
What is Beer's Law?
200
Name the 3 most common protein assays in Veterinary Medicine.
What are Total Protein, Albumin, and Fibrinogen?
200
1 of the 2 enzymes associated with cholestasis.
What are Alkaline Phosphatase (ALKP) and Gamma Glutamyltransferase (GGT)?
200
Urease Bacteria are most commonly found in urine with ________ pH.
What is alkaline/high pH?
300
Urinary crystals that are common in animals with severe liver disease— portacaval shunts
What are Ammonium biurate crystals?
300
Clear and colorless cast, Increased with fever, poor renal fusion, exercise, or general anesthesia
What are hyaline casts?
300
Principle end product of amino acid breakdown.
What is Urea?
300
Approximately what percentage of kidney tissue must be damaged before blood levels of Creatinine increase?
What is 75%?
300
Which plasma protein assay component makes up 35 to 50% of the total plasma protein values in most animals?
What is Albumin?
300
Which tests are the only 2 readily available tests for enzymes released from damaged liver cells?
What are AST and ALT?
Aspartate Transaminase
Alanine Transaminase
300
While a small amount of Bilirubin may be found in some species, any Bilirubin in the urine of this species is considered abnormal and suggests disease.
What are felines?
400
Entire name of this crystal:
What are Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate crystals?
400
Two types of bacteriuria which we may identify
What are cocci and rods (bacilli)?
400
Dehydration can affect which of the 2 kidney blood tests?
What is Blood Urea Nitrogen?
400
Which test is performed using supernatant from the spun urine sample to help confirm significant amounts of protein in the urine?
What is the Urine Protein:Creatinine Ratio?
400
Which type of bilirubin is most likely to be increased in a patient with suspected bile duct obstruction?
What is conjugated bilirubin?
400
Which plasma lipoprotein is produced primarily in the liver but also ingested in food?
What is cholesterol?
400
Assay that gives the first indicator of a protein abnormality. Hint: ratio
What is Albumin:Globulin ratio?
500
Type of crystal that is:
Common in horses and rabbits
Round with lines radiating from center or large granular masses or dumbbell shaped
No clinical significance
What are Calcium Carbonate crystals?
500
Microorganism that may be found in urine sediment, is filamentous and branching. Rare, but serious if found
What are fungi?
500
The Iohexol Clearance Test is an example of a test used to estimate what in canine and feline patients?
What is Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)?
500
Plasma or serum _______ is an index of renal function in birds.
What is uric acid?
500
A patient that is suspected of having a portosystemic shunt would likely have an elevated level of which hepatocyte function test?
What is serum Bile Acids test?
500
Which 2 tests of hepatocyte function are the most sensitive indicators of liver function?
What are Bilirubin and Bile Acids?
500
Term for the concentration of a substance dissolved in the blood above which the kidneys begin to remove it into the urine.
What is the renal threshold?