Hematology
The most common cause of a mild non-regenerative anemia
Anemia of inflammatory disease
The range for hyposthenuria
1.001 - 1.007
This isoform of ALP is unique to the dog
C-ALP (Steroid isoform)
The most common cause of a low T4 in any species
Nonthyroidal illness
Wilted red maple leaves cause this in horses.
Oxidative hemolytic anemia?
The most common cause of marked thrombocytopenia in a dog
Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia
Calcium carbonate crystalluria is normal in these two species
Horses and rabbits
Three potential causes of hypoalbuminemia
1. Loss (renal, GI, hemorrhage)
2. Hepatic insufficiency
3. Negative acute phase response/inflammation
A positive result for hyperadrenocorticism on a LDDST
Lack of suppression at the 8h mark
This toxin causes renal failure and a marked elevation in anion gap
Ethylene glycol
Two causes of echinocytosis
1. Drying/EDTA artifact
2. Electrolyte imbalances
Two things that can artifactually increase USG
Protein and glucose
The most sensitive indicator of hepatocellular injury in large animals
AST
Two expected chemistry changes with hyperadrenocorticism
1. Marked elevation in ALP
2. Hypercholesterolemia
3. Hyperglycemia
Dogs develop hemolytic anemia from ingesting this compound found in Canadian pennies from 1997-99.
Zinc
The three major differentials for elevations in both PT and PTT
1. DIC
2. Vitamin K antagonism
3. Liver insufficiency
Two causes of glucosuria
Hyperglycemia or renal tubular injury
Three differentials for hypoglycemia
1. Delayed serum separation/artifact
2. Hepatic insufficiency
3. Sepsis
4. Hypoadrenocorticism
5. Insulinoma
This disease can be easily mistaken for renal failure based on the chem panel
Hypoadrenocorticism
Not all rodenticides are vitamin K antagonists. What chem changes are seen due to cholecalciferol and why?
Hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia
Vitamin D3 increases intestinal absorption, renal resorption, and mobilization from bone
This dog breed has fewer, but larger platelets. Go ahead and operate - it won't bleed!
Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
The type of crystal seen due to portosystemic shunts
Ammonium (bi)urate
Three differentials for hyperphosphatemia
1. Decreased GFR
2. Uroperitoneum
3. Young growing animal
4. Hypoparathyroidism
5. Severe muscle damage
6. Intake/iatrogenic (hypervitaminosis D, phosphate enemas
7. Feline hyperthyroidism (20%)
Two causes of a "false positive" elevated fructosamine not related to insufficient/inappropriate insulin administration
1. Prolonged/repeated stress hyperglycemia
2. Repeated Somogyi responses
Basophilic stippling and inappropriate rubricytosis (without a regenerative anemia)