Abbreviations
POCT
Point-of-care tests produce rapid, reliable results that aid in identification and monitoring of acute infections or chronic disease, usually performed at patient site (ex. bedside)
Whole blood
60-100 mg/dL
Whole blood consists of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets suspended in a protective yellow liquid known as plasma.
White, Blue, Red, Green, Purple, and then Gray
A 17 y/o male was admitted to the hospital following 48 hrs of vomiting and fever, patient was listless and pale.
Results:
Sodium 150 mmol/L
Potassium 3.3 mmol/L
Chloride 110 mmol/L
CO2 (serum) 17 Mmmol/L
Calcium 9.2 mg/dL
Order of draw? Probably Diagnosis?
Probably Diagnosis: Dehydration
Substance being identified or measured in a laboratory test
Analyte
BUN
A blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test is used to determine how well your kidneys are working. It does this by measuring the amount of urea nitrogen in the blood. Urea nitrogen is a waste product thats created in the liver when the body breaks down proteins. Normally, the kidneys filter out this waste, and urinating removes it from the body.
Serum
70-110 mg/dL
Serum is the fluid and solute component of blood which does not play a role in clotting. It may be defined as blood plasma without the clotting factors, or as blood with all cells and clotting factors…
Green, Red, and Tiger Tube tops to be drawn.
29 y/o vomiting and weakness, excessive thirst.
Potassium 141 mEq/L
Chloride 96 mEq/L
CO2 40 mEq/L
pH 7.56
Order of Draw? Probable Diagnosis?
Order of draw: Red/Tiger/Heparin
Probable Diagnosis: Dehydration and alkaline blood
Lowered levels of blood glucose
FBS
The test is done in the morning, before the person has eaten. The normal range for blood glucose is 70 to 100 mg/dl. Levels between 100 and 126 mg/dl are referred to as impaired fasting glucose or pre-diabetes. Diabetes is typically diagnosed when fasting blood glucose levels are 126 mg/dl or higher.
BUN
8-18 mg/dL
A blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test is used to determine how well your kidneys are working. It does this by measuring the amount of urea nitrogen in the blood. Urea nitrogen is a waste product thats created in the liver when the body breaks down proteins. Normally, the kidneys filter out this waste, and urinating removes it from the body.
Which tubes are used for hematology studies?
Lavender tubes to be drawn
20 y/o woman feeling ill, breathing deeply, type 2 diabetes
BUN 2.0 mg/dL
Creatinine 1.8 mg/dL
Glucose 750 mg/dL
Order of Draw? Probably Diagnosis?
Order of draw: Red/Tiger/Heparin
Probably Diagnosis: Diabetic Keto-acidosis
Elevated levels of albumin in the blood
ALP
ALP, Alkaline Phosphatase, blood tests measure the level of ALP in your blood that comes from your liver and bones, and it’s one of the tests included in a comprehensive metabolic panel.
Uric Acid
3.5-7.5 mg/dL
A uric acid blood test, also known as a serum uric acid measurement, determines how much uric acid is present in your blood. The test can help determine how well your body produces and removes uric acid.
Which tube contains heparin?
Green tube contains heparin.
58 y/o male, cigarette smoker for past 22yrs, family history of heart attack, isn't active and doesn't eat well
Cholesterol: 280 mg/dL
Triglycerine: 220 mg/dL
HDL 22 mg/dL
Order of Draw? Probable Diagnosis
Probably Diagnosis: Cardiovascular system
Type of arthritis characterized by deposits of uric acid crstals in the joints
LD
Lactate Dehydrogenase, LD is released from the cells into the bloodstream when cells are damaged or destroyed. Because of this, the LD test can be used as a general marker of injury to cells.
Creatinine
0.7-1.4 mg/dL
A creatinine blood test measures the level of creatinine in the blood. Creatinine is a waste product that forms when creatine, which is found in your muscle, breaks down. Creatinine levels in the blood can provide your doctor with information about how well your kidneys are working.
What tube is drawn if you need to do a cell culture?
White tube to be drawn.
Creatinine 3.9 mg/dL
BUN 37 mg/dL
Probable Diagnosis: Poor kidney function
Clogging of vessels that nourish the heart muscle, leading cause of death in many developed countries
Coronary Heart Disease