Winnicott
What was Donald Winnicott's primary profession before becoming a psychoanalyst?
Pediatrician
Who was Anna Freud?
A child psychoanalyst and contributor to ego and adolescent psychology
What theoretical fields influenced Bowlby’s development of attachment theory?
Cognitive psychology, ethology, and evolutionary biology
What are some of the common origins of a child’s symptoms that may lead to psychotherapy?
Developmental issues, learning disabilities, intellectual disabilities, genetic disorders, speech and hearing issues, and unidentified factors.
What are the three structures of the mind in Freud’s structural model?
Id, Ego, Superego
What is a transitional object according to Winnicott?
An object that bridges internal and external realities for the child
What characterizes the oral stage of development?
Satisfaction of hunger and the discovery of oral pleasure, which becomes a source of sexual pleasure.
Define the concept of “Secure Base”.
A caregiver provides a secure foundation from which the child can explore the world and to which they can return in times of distress.
Why might psychotherapists refer children to other professionals?
To support diagnosis and treatment planning
What was Anna Freud’s main contribution to psychoanalysis?
Development of child psychoanalysis and defense mechanisms
The 'holding environment' refers to:
The emotional and physical support provided by the mother
What are defense mechanisms according to Anna Freud?
Unconscious strategies used by the ego to reduce internal stress and manage conflict between the id and superego.
According to Bowlby, what is the primary motivation for attachment?
Desire for security and protection
What areas should be explored during the initial intake?
Genetic, developmental, and environmental histories
What is the concept of the “good enough mother” in Winnicott’s theory?
A mother who adequately meets the child’s needs and allows for frustration at the right times, helping the child build a sense of self.
A mother who withdraws too quickly or too insensitively may cause:
Failure in the development of comfortable solitude
Which is the following mechanism?:
Subconscious blocking of unwanted thoughts
Repression
What is the "Attachment Behavior System"?
A biologically based system that drives infants to seek proximity to caregivers when they are distressed or threatened.
What does trauma-informed lens consider?
Considers trauma as a possible origin of symptoms
True or false:
Winnicott believed the “false self” develops when a child must conform to external demands at the expense of their true feelings.
True
Term used by Winnicott to describe the intense devotion a mother has toward her infant
Primary maternal preoccupation
What is a "fixation"?
A psychological state where an individual remains focused on an earlier stage of development due to unresolved conflicts.
Match the attachment style with its description:
Child is very distressed and not easily comforted
Ambivalent/Resistant Attachment
What role should families play in creating treatment plans?
Families should collaborate with therapists to co-create achievable goals and support the child’s progress at home and in daily life.
What are the four main attachment styles identified in attachment theory (as developed by Bowlby and Ainsworth)?
Secure, avoidant, ambivalent/resistant, and disorganized.