BONE GROWTH
Excessive and haphazard bone deposit and resorption cause bone to grow fast and develop poorly.
Usually occurs in spine, pelvis, femur,
and skull.
What is Paget's Disease?
Common due to mobility of the shoulder.
Blows to top and back of shoulder can also cause this issue.
Ex: when football player uses arm to tackle opponent.
What are Shoulder Dislocations?
A dip or indent in the bone, usually found in the skull
What is a Depressed Fracture?
The bone is fragmented into 3 or more pieces.
Common in the elderly, whose bones have become more brittle.
What is a Comminuted Fracture?
No medial fusion of right and left halves of palate.
What is Cleft Palate?
Congenital condition involving defective cartilage and endochondral bone growth
Limbs are too short, but the membrane bone are normal size
A form of dwarfism
What is Achondroplasia?
Alteration in the ligaments securing the joint, articular disc forced out of normal position
Treatment:
– Bite plate (for teeth grinding)
– Relaxing jaw muscles helps
What is TMJ Disorder(s)?
Common sports injury, occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to the bone.
What is a Spiral Fracture?
Sarah has a nondisplaced, complete, closed (simple) fracture.
Will she need surgery?
NO (explain why)
Wearing proper footwear with good arch support can help prevent this problem (orthotic shoe inserts may also help manage symptoms).
May be a congenital condition or may be acquired later in life.
What is Flat Foot/Pes Planus ("Fallen Arches")?
Pituitary Gland produces too much Growth Hormone during adulthood.
Often presents with enlarged bones of hands, face, and feet.
What is Acromegaly?
BONUS: What is this called in children?
1. Collateral ligaments (stuck from side)
2. Cruciate ligaments (hyperextended – ACL, hyperflexed – PCL)
3. Cartilages (menisci) – due to trauma and/or overuse
What are Common Knee Injuries (The 3 C's)?
The bone is crushed.
Common in porous bones -- such as vertebrae -- that are subjected to extreme trauma, (i.e. a fall).
What is a Compression Fracture?
The epiphysis separates from the diaphysis along the epiphyseal plate.
What is an Epiphyseal Fracture?
1. Abnormal lateral rotation of spine, most often in thoracic region, which may lead to breathing difficulties
2. Is abnormal dorsal thoracic curvature common in people with osteoporosis, tuberculosis of spine, rickets, or osteomalacia
3. Is accentuated lumbar curvature that can result from disease, but is also seen in men with pot bellies and in pregnant women
What is:
1. Scoliosis?
2. Kyphosis?
3. Lodosis?
Bones are poorly mineralized
Osteoid is produced, but calcium salts not adequately
deposited
Results in soft, weak bones
Pain upon bearing weight
BONUS: What is this disease called when occurring in children? How does it occur?
Refers to incomplete dislocation
EX: Pulling/picking up children by the wrist, when their anular ligament thin and radial head not fully formed.
What is Subluxation?
The bone breaks incompletely; one side of the shaft breaks, and the other side bends.
More common in children.
What is a Greenstick Fracture?
John is a patient who experienced a displaced, complete, open (compound) fracture.
Will he need surgery?
YES (explain why)
Severe physical trauma to spine may result in one or more of these.
Treatment: exercise, massage, heat, painkillers, or surgical intervention if non-surgical
treatments are not successful.
What is a Herniated Disc?
A group of diseases in which bone resorption exceeds deposit, common in women during menopause.
Overactivity of osteoclasts by Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
What is Osteoporosis?
Refers to acromioclavicular dislocation
Pain when arm abducted more than 90 degrees
Acromion appearing prominent
What is Shoulder Separation?
Can occur in up to 2% of all newborns and include partial or complete dislocation of the femoral head and poorly developed acetabulum.
What is Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH)?