Parts of a Research Article
Scientific Inquiry
Ethics
Evidence-based Practice
Measurement
Identify Independent & Dependent Variables
100
What are the components of the Discussion section of a research article? Describe each.
Interpret/Analyze results
Limitations
Clinical Implications
Future Research
100
Justine wants to ensure that she receives consistent results across all three raters in her research study. What is she wanting to ensure?
Interrater/Interobserver reliability
100
What are the three basic ethical principles of The Belmont Report? Describe each.
Respect for Persons
Beneficence
Justice
100
What are the three components of Evidence-Based Practice?
Clinician expertise, clinical judgement
Client/caregiver/family preferences and perspectives
External and internal evidence
100
What is the most basic level of measurement?
Nominal
100
A researcher asks the following research question:
Is it most effective to target syntactical skills
versus semantic skills to improve listening
comprehension abilities? She randomly assigns 64 students with SLI to two groups with each group participating in either syntactical focused treatment and the other group participating in semantic focused treatment.
What type of research study is being conducted?
Identify the independent and dependent variable?
Experimental
Independent Variable: treatment type (syntactical or semantic)
Dependent Variable: listening comprehension skills
200
The ______________ is the portion of the research article that precedes the full article and includes information about the article's purpose, methods, and results.
Abstract
200
What is the difference between basic research and applied research?
Basic research serves to construct new theories or modify existing theories. Applied research serves to provide solutions to address clinical or social problems.
200
What is the purpose of the Institutional Review Board?
Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) serves to ensure the rights and well-being of individuals who participant in research studies. They evaluate the potential risks to participants, assess safety measures and provide modifications as needed.
200
What are the two types of evidence? Describe each.
Internal evidence
External evidence
200
Describe the level of measurement.
The responses of stutterers regarding their perspective of their disorder using the following rating scale:
-Confident
-Somewhat Confident
-Indifferent
-Not Confident
Ordinal level of measurement
200
A researcher wants to understand the effects of a case-based learning approach on undergraduate's clinical performance.
Independent variable?
Dependent variable?
Independent Variable: Case-Based Learning
Dependent Variable: Clinical performance
300
Joel is currently drafting the methods section of his research article. What four components must be included in this section?
Research design, participants, materials, and procedures
300
Where might a field study be conducted?
clinics, homes, schools, daycare facilities
300
What is informed consent?
Informed consent requires that participants are made aware of all information of a research study, its risks and benefits. Informed consent ensures that individuals understand that their participation in a research study is voluntary and they can discontinue participation at any time.
300
What are the four steps in the process of Evidence-based practice?
Form a question
Gather evidence
Assess evidence
Make clinical decision
300
Cienna listed students' standard scores on the OWLS-2 and the CASL-2. Standard scores on language assessments are what level of measurement?
Interval level of measurement
300
The purpose of the research study was to understand how the use of the complexity therapy approach or the core word approach affects children's speech intelligibility. 102 children with speech sound disorders were randomly assigned to two groups.
Independent Variable:
Dependent Variable:
Independent Variable: treatment approach (complexity and core word)
Dependent: Children's speech intelligibility
400
What is the purpose of a literature review?
The literature review explores previous research on a particular topic. The literature review explores similarities and differences in the findings of research. The literature review discloses any gaps in the current body of research on a particular topic.
400
What are the two main characteristics of experimental research?
1) participants are randomly assigned to two or more conditions
2) researchers control the selection of conditions and they can freely manipulate the conditions
400
What is a risk-benefit assessment?
A risk-benefit assessment helps researchers to ensure that the benefit of participation in a study are maximized and risks are minimized.
400
What is the purpose of the PICO question? What are the components of a PICO question?
The PICO method is frequently used to form clinical questions. The components of the PICO question are:
P-Population
I- Intervention
C-Comparison
O- Outcome
400
Janet wanted to test the frequency of disfluencies among high school students when engaged in unstructured speaking tasks. Frequency of disfluencies can be described as what level of measurement?
Ratio level of measurement
400
Lawson wants to test the differences in literacy skills of students with a history of speech sound disorders and students with no history of speech sound disorders.
What type of study?
Independent Variable?
Dependent Variable?
Type of study? Quasi-experimental
Independent Variable: history of SSD or no history of SSD
Dependent Variable: literacy skills
500
What subcomponents are included in the introduction of a research article?
Problem Statement
Purpose statement
Research questions
Literature review
500
Explain the weaknesses of non-experimental research designs.
No comparisons made or prior measurements made- increased risk for extraneous variables
500
Vulnerable populations should be given the greatest consideration when participating in a study. What groups of people are considered vulnerable populations?
Children, disabled people, pregnant women, patients, poor people,
500
Identify each component of the PICO question:
For adolescents with severe fluency
disorders, is the implementation of
fluency enhancing strategies or
stuttering modification strategies
most effective in reducing the
frequency of disfluencies?
P- adolescents with severe fluency disorders
I- fluency enhancing strategies
C- stuttering modification strategies
O- frequency of disfluencies
500
What are measures of central tendency? Describe each.
500
A student clinician wants to know if the use of self-rating scales in her therapy sessions with Autistic young adults have helped to improve clients' use of prosocial skills.
Independent Variable: self-rating scales
Dependent Variable: use of prosocial skills
600
What section of a research article does a researcher objectively present the findings of a research article.
Results
600
Researchers must ensure they clearly define variables within a research study. These definitions are described as...
Operational definitions
600
A SGD company wants to sponsor a research project on the effectiveness of SGDs on improved functional communication with individuals with severe phonological processing deficits. The researcher must ensure that a SGD company funding the project will not result in a...
Conflict of Interest
600
Harper asks the following questions after reading a research article on treatment approaches for childhood apraxia of speech. Is the intervention studied in the article something I could actually use to help my client reach their goals? What part of the evidence-based practice process is Harper engaging in?
Assessing the evidence
600
What are measures of dispersion? Describe each.
600
A researcher asks the following questions:
Barrett, the owner of a private practice, is investigating the effectiveness of his practice's services. He wants to compare the total time spent in speech and language therapy for pediatric clients who received in-home speech therapy versus clients who received clinic-based service setting.
Experimental? Quasi-Experimental or Non-Experimental
Independent Variable?
Dependent Variable?
Type of Study? Quasi- Experimental
Independent Variable? Service delivery setting (in-home or clinic-based)
Dependent variable? total time spent in speech and language therapy