Developmental Considerations
Neurological Assessment
MSK Assessment
Mobility
Cardiovascular Assessment
100
Name 3 developmental considerations for toddlers in expanded health history 
  • This age group can be difficult to examine
  • Position on parent’s lap
  • Use of security objects
  • Engage with parent first to earn child’s trust
  • Enhance autonomy
  • Provide choice where possible
  • Demonstrate procedures on parent first
  • Gather information through inspection and observation during the history
  • Save invasive areas (eyes, ears, throat) for end
100

How is optic (II) nerve tested? 

  • eye chart, confrontation for peripheral vision
100

What are the 5 reason humans need the MSK system? 

  • for support to stand upright
  • for movement
  • to enclose and protect the inner vital organs (eg brain, spinal cord, heart)
  • to produce the red blood cells in the bone marrow (hematopoiesis),
  • for storage of essential minerals such as calcium and phosphorus in the bones
100

What are the systemic effects of immobility for metabolic changes?

  • Decreased metabolic rate
  • Altered macronutrient metabolism
  • Decreased appetite & protein intake causes weight loss, decreased muscle mass, and weakness
  • Decreased peristalsis in GI system: constipation, nausea, decreased appetite
100

What is the first heart sound? 

  • Closure of the AV valves
  • Signals beginning of systole (ventricular contraction)
  • Heard throughout precordium but loudest at apex
  • (makes sense b/c these valves are closer to the apex; close 1st)
200

What group (infants, preschool, older adults) does lack of reliability in testing sensation as developmental considerations occur in for neurological assessment? 

preschool and school age children's 

200

At what age do you start doing the near vision test and what normal? 

40 years old 

normal is 14/14 

200

What are the additional questions asked in the health history for infants and children? 

  • Birth trauma
  • Anoxia
  • Milestones
  • Bone injuries
  • Bone deformities
200

How do you prevent the hazards of immobility for cardiovascular system? 

  • Reducing orthostatic hypotension
  • Preventing thrombus formation: medications, exercise, fluids, thromboembolism-deterrent (TED) stockings, positioning
200

Name the arteries in the legs 


  • Femoral
  • Popliteal
  • Dorsalis pedis
  • Posterior tibial
300

How much does pregnant women blood volume increase and HR? 

Increase in blood volume 30-40% 

Increase HR 10-15bpm

300

What does orientation include? 

  • Orientation: to person, place, time, self
  • Time: day of week, season, year, date
  • Place: current location, where person lives, type of building, name of city and province
  • Person: who examiner is, type of worker
  • Self: own name or age
300

What is ankylosis? 

  • Ankylosis - stiffness or fixation of a joint
300
What do you do if the patient gets dizzy when moving? 
  • Return to bed/chair nearby
  • If fall is imminent, widen your base of support by placing one foot in front of other
  • Goal is to protect patient’s head
  • Extend front leg and slide patient down leg to floor
300

What are additional Health history questions for children? 

  • Growth
  • Activity
  • Joint pain and fever (strep infection:  rheumatic fever)
  • Headache and nosebleed
  • Respiratory disease
  • Family history
400

Which is not a developmental consideration for older adults for cardio assessment? 

a. decrease in supraventricular arrhythmias 

b. increase in ventricular arrhythmias 

c. increase systolic blood pressure 

d. decreased tolerance for tachyarrhythmias

A- it is increase in supraventricular arrhythmias not decrease 

400

What nerve is being tested when the follow is being tested? 

  • Motor function-chewing, jaw opening
  • Sensory function: light touch on forehead, cheeks, chin
  • Corneal reflex (as needed)
Trigeminal (V) nerve 
400
During palpation what are you focusing on noticing? 
  • Temperature (heat), joint tenderness, swelling, masses
  • ABNORMAL: Palpable synovial fluid
  • When thickened feels doughy or boggy
  • May move side to side
400
When is single cane and quad cane used? 

single cane-balance with decreased leg strength 

quad cane-used for significant leg paralysis or hemiplegia 

400

Where is the aortic and tricuspid valve heard best? 

  • Aortic: 2nd right IC space, sternal border
  • Tricuspid: 5th IC space, left sternal border
500
For older adults expanded health history  what increases and what decreases? 
  • Increased delay in synapse can occur so impulses take longer to travel (diminished pain sensation, taste, smell)
  • Decrease in muscle bulk, most apparent in hand
500

If the patient is having difficulty hearing conversational speech what do you do? 

Test with audiometer for a precise quantitative measure of hearing on varying frequencies

500

What the order of examination? 

  • Gross motor movement & posture
  • Neck, Cervical Spine & Back
  • Upper
  • Shoulders
  • Elbows
  • Wrist & Fingers
  • Lower
  • Hips
  • Knees
  • Ankles & Toes
500

What do you for ascending stairs with crutches? 

  • transfer weight to crutches, move healthy leg up one stair, then move crutches up to healthy leg
  • Leg then crutches
500

When you hear a murmur what are the characteristics of sounds? 

  • Frequency (pitch)
  • Intensity (loudness)
  • Duration
  • Timing
  • Pattern; quality; location; radiation; posture
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