Instrumentation/skills - Probe, Explorer, flossing, mirror
What are the four uses of the mouth mirror?
- Indirect vision
- Indirect illumination
- transillumination
- retraction
Infectious agent
Reservoir
port of exit
mode of transmission
port of entry
susceptible host
Where is the light placed for the mandible and maxilla
mandible - directly over the mouth
maxilla - over patients chest and tilted up towards mouth
What are the 4 steps in biofilm formation
1. pellicle formation
2. initial adhesion
3. maturation
4. detachment and dispersion
What is the color of healthy gingiva, acute unhealthy gingiva, and chronic unhealthy gingiva?
What is the shape of healthy gingiva, acute unhealthy gingiva, and chronic unhealthy gingiva?
healthy - pink or melanin normality; knife edges, papilla is pyramid
acute - bright red; rolled, rounded, papilla can be blunt, bulbous, flat, cratered
chronic - dark red, blee red, deep blue, magenta; hard, fibrotic
What are the strokes for probing and exploring
What are the steps in flossing
probing - walking
exploring - painting
flossing - insert, adapt, activate, exit
CD4+ T cell trend as HIV severity increases they ________. What number is CD4+ T cell level indicating late-stage AIDS?
decreases
Below 200 cells/mm³
In dental hygiene we are fitting the work to the worker however there are still many risk factors found in dentistry, 7 are listen in our slideshow, name 4.
Where do the minerals come from for supragingival and subgingival calculus and what are the primary minerals found to calcify? What 2 things inhibit this calcification?
supragingival - from saliva
subgingival - from gingival sulcus fluid and inflammatory exudate
primary minerals are calcium and phosphorus and can be inhibited by pyrophosphate and zinc
- what are the 2 parts of the periodontium?
- what is part of the masticatory mucosa that surrounds roots of teeth, alveolar bone, and underlying CT
- the gingiva provides ______ and _______ functions
- Gingiva, Attachment apparatus
- gingiva
- protective and supportive
What criteria do you use to determine the correct working end of the explorer on an ANTERIOR tooth?
Handle = parallel to long axis of the tooth
What 3 tests are used to indicate sterilization? What is the name of the bacteria used in one of these?
Biological indicators (geobacillus stearothermophilus), chemical indicators, and mechanical/physical monitoring.
Identify ADPIED and the 3 objective goals for professional practice
Assessment, dental hygiene diagnosis, dental hygiene care plan, implementation, evaluation, documentation
overall goals, personal goals, clinical practice goals
Supragingival biofilm is Gram __ and __robic bacteria with __ layers.
subgingival biofilm is Gram __ and __robic bacteria with __ layers.
Supragingival biofilm is Gram + and AErobic bacteria with 2 layers.
subgingival biofilm is Gram - and ANAErobic bacteria with 3 layers.
What is the biological width and what is it approximately
distance between base attachment and crest of alveolar bone
2.15 - 2.3 mm
design name vs design number
number - provides an exact identification of the working end
name - identifies the school or individual originally responsible for designing/developing
THIS IS A BIG ONE, but i think its important especially since a lot of us struggled with it!
What are these also known as (acronyms or other names) -
Herpes simplex virus type 1
Herpes simplex virus type 2
Herpes simplex virus type 3
Herpes simplex virus type 4
Herpes simplex virus type 5
Herpes simplex virus type 8
How are each spread and orofacial conditions?
Herpes simplex virus type 1 - HSV1, HHV1; Transmitted by direct contact with infected saliva/mucosa; Causes herpes labialis and herpetic gingivostomatitis.
Herpes simplex virus type 2 - HSV2, HHV2; Transmitted via sexual contact (oral-genital route); Causes oral-genital herpes lesions.
Herpes simplex virus type 3 - chicken pox/shingles, VZV, HHV3; Transmitted via airborne respiratory droplets or vesicle blisters.
Herpes simplex virus type 4 - epstein-barr virus, EBV, HHV4; Transmitted via direct contact with saliva; Causes infectious mononucleosis, oral hairy leukoplakia, and Burkitt's lymphoma.
Herpes simplex virus type 5 - cytomegalovirus, CMV, HHV5; Transmitted via direct contact with bodily fluids; Causes major aphthous ulcerations and xerostomia.
Herpes simplex virus type 8 - kaposi's sarcome-related virus, KSHV, KSI, HHV8; Transmitted via exchange of saliva, sexual contact, or blood transfusion; Causes Kaposi's sarcoma.
the core values of ethical behavior include 7 things, identify them and define them
individual autonomy - informed consent and respect for humans
confidentiality - curve, keeping the patient a secret and their information to yourself and other professionals
societal trust - trust for us to do the right thing
nonmaleficence - do no harm
beneficence - do things for the good of patients
justice/fairness - all people deserve equal access to care
veracity - telling truth
name 2 types of endogenous intrinsic stains and 2 types of exogenous intrinsic stains (there are more than 2 but just name 2)
endogenous intrinsic stains: pulpless or traumatized teeth, disturbances in tooth development, drug induced stains
exogenous intrinsic stains: restorative materials, stain in dentin, erosion, attrition
On a piece of paper or on whiteboard, draw a diagram and label the following:
Enamel, gingival sulcus, gingival margin, free gingiva, free gingival groove, oral epithelium, attached gingiva, mucoginigival junction, alveolar mucosa, alveolar bone, cementum, cementoenamel junction, junctional epithelium
check from slide 3 of the the clinical slides
define the following -
single ended instrument, double ended instrument, unpaired working end instruments, paired working end instruments
single ended instrument- one side of instrument has a working end
double ended instrument- instrument with working ends on both side
unpaired working end instruments- working ends differ in design and function between both end
paired working end instruments - working ends on both sides of instrument mirror each other
Gravity displacement (fastest) -
250°F (121°C) for 15 to 30 minutes.
pre-vacuum -
270°F (132°C) for 3.5 to 10 minutes.
effect of pressure -
Raises the boiling point of water to allow higher temperatures that destroy spores.
There are 9 musculoskeletal disorders we discuss -
Carpal tunnel syndrome, surgical glove injury, ulnar nerve entrapment, pronator syndrome, tendinitis, tenosynovitis, rotator cuff tendinitis, extensor wad strain, thoracic outlet syndrome
Define each of these.
Carpal tunnel syndrome - disorder of wrist and hand caused by compression of median nerve within carpal tunnel of wrist
Surgical glove injury - glove should fit not too tight nor loose from fingers to forearm
Ulnar nerve entrapment - disorder of lower arm and wrist caused by compression of ulnar nerve
Pronator syndrome - disorder of the wrist and hand caused by compression of the median nerve between two heads by the pronator teres muscle
Tendinitis - inflammation of tendons of wrist from strain
Tenosynovitis - inflammation of the tendons on the side of the wrist and at the base of the thumb
Rotator cuff tendinitis - inflammation of muscles in the shoulder region
Extensor wad strain - disorder of the fingers due to injury of the extensor muscles of the thumb and fingers
Thoracic outlet syndrome - disorder of the fingers, hand and/or wrist due to compression of nerves in the neck
identify each of these stains by their etiology
yellow, green, black-line, tobacco, brown, orange/red, metallic
yellow - diet
green - chromogenic bacteria, diet
black-line - iron supplements, diet
tobacco - tar
brown - from pellicle, stannous fluoride, antimicrobacterial agents, betel nut, swimmer stain
orange/red - chromogenic bacteria
metallic -
breathing dusts, medications
What are the 5 gingival fiber groups and where are they?
What are the 5 principal fiber groups and where are they?
(if you would rather draw them out that works too!)
dentogingival - from cementum to gingiva, attaches gingiva to tooth
alveologingival - from alveolar crest to the gingiva, attaches the gingiva to the bone
circumferential - around tooth
dentoperiosteal - fiber runs supra alveolar cementum passes over alveolar crest to periosteum
transseptal - Fibers connecting adjacent teeth across septum. mesial to distal
Apical - secures the tooth in its socket, at apex
Oblique - from the root above the apical fibers obliquely toward the occlusal
Horizontal - from the cementum in the middle of each root to adjacent alveolar bone
Alveolar crest - from the alveolar crest to the cementum just below the CEJ
Interradicular - from cementum between the roots of multi-rooted teeth to the adjacent bone