Chemistry
Explain types of Bunsen burner flames and how they are created.
Air hole fully open ==> Roaring blue flame (Noisy blue)
Air hole half open ==> Medium blue flame
Air hole fully closed ==> Safety flame (Quiet yellow flame)
Explain the effects a force can have on an object.
A force can change the shape or size of an object,
change the speed of a moving object (speed up/slow down), or
change the direction of a moving object.
Name the 7 life processes
Mrs Gren thingie
Name four contact forces.
any 4 valid: example friction, air resistance, water resistance, upthrust
Type of wave where Particles vibrate parallel to the direction of the wave?
Longitudinal
Explain three types of mixtures and give examples.
Suspension: Solids settle over time. Example: Muddy water.
Colloid: Tiny particles don’t settle. Example: Milk.
Solution: Solute fully dissolves. Example: Salt in water.
Explain the relationship between force, area, and pressure and give an example.
Pressure = force ÷ area.
Greater force increases pressure;
smaller area increases pressure;
Name 7 types of organ systems in humans. (That we learned in class)
Give any example of 1 organ for each organ system.
Breathing system: Trachea, lungs
Circulatory system: Heart, blood vessels –
Digestive system: Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, intestines
Nervous system: Brain, spinal cord, nerves –
Urinary system: Kidneys, bladder –
Locomotor system: Muscles, bones –
Name two specialized cells in plants and their function.
root hair cell – absorbs water;
xylem – transports water
Plant organ for photosynthesis
Leaf
Explain the difference between boiling and evaporation
- any temperature
- happens at the surface
- slow
- No bubbles
Boiling (..Valid points opposite to evaporation)
Explain how a motorbike maintains steady speed using balanced forces
The forward force from the engine equals the opposing forces of friction and air resistance, keeping the speed constant
Describe the function of:
1. Nucleus
2. Mitochondria
3. Chloroplast
Nucleus ==> Controls the cell
Mitochondria ==> Produces energy
Chloroplast ==> Capture sunlight to make food
Explain why a sharp knife cuts better than a blunt knife.
- Small area
- Larger pressure
Breaking down compound with heat
Decomposition
Explain the difference between an atom, a molecule, an element, and a compound. Give two examples of each and describe how they are formed.
Atom: Smallest particle of an element. Example: Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O). Formed naturally. (+ 2 Valid Examples)
Molecule: Two or more atoms bonded together. Example: O₂, H₂O. Formed by chemical bonding. (+ 2 Valid Examples)
Element: Substance made of only one type of atom.(+ 2 Valid Examples)
Compound: Substance made of two or more elements chemically bonded. (+ 2 Valid Examples)
Compare transverse and longitudinal waves
Transverse: particle motion perpendicular to wave, e.g., water waves;
Longitudinal: particle motion parallel to wave, e.g., sound waves;
Both transfer energy without matter.
Describe what the Diaphragm is and how it works.
- Muscular sheet under lungs
- helps with breathing
- Move downwards ==> lungs bigger ==> Fills with air
- Move upwards ==> Lungs smaller ==> Air goes out
Describe how to test for carbon dioxide.
Bubble gas through limewater; it turns milky if CO₂ is present.
Colloid type for blood
Sol
Describe 4 methods of separating mixtures. Give 1 example for each.
Filtration: Separates insoluble solids from liquids. Example: Sand + water using filter paper.
Evaporation: Separates soluble solids from solution. Example: Salt from saltwater.
Distillation: Separates liquids and dissolved solute from a mixture. Example: Pure water from salt solution
Chromatography: Separates different solutes in a mixture. Example: Ink colours using chromatography paper.
Explain, step by step, how sound waves travel through the ear and are detected by the brain.
- Enters ear canal
- Eardrum vibrates
- Tiny bones vibrates ==> Amplify vibrations
- Hair in Cochlea vibrates ==> Creates impulses (electrical signals)
- Impulses travel along Auditory Nerve
- Sent to brain
Describe the function of:
1. Kidneys
2. Small Intestine
3. Large Intestine
4. Stomach
5. Heart
6. Lungs
Kidneys: Cleans blood; Produces urine
Small Intestine: Absorbs nutrients into blood
Large Intestine: Removes water
Stomach: Breaks down food using stomach acid
Heart: pumps blood around your body
Lungs: Gives oxygen to blood for respiration and takes out carbon dioxide
Explain what happens when a spring is stretched. Your explanation should include what happens initially, and then eventually at the end.
- Initially, extension ∝ force (Hooke’s law)
- Beyond elastic limit → spring does not return to original length
Tissue transporting water in plant
Xylem