Law and Order
Many lords granted these to wealthy and influential towns people, giving them the right to make their own laws.
What is a charter?
These people devoted their lives to god and the church, living in monasteries and nunneries.
Who are monks and nuns?
As towns and trade flourished, this new social class of merchants and artisans emerged.
What is the middle class?
The lords received much of their wealth from serfs who paid these in the form of money, crops, and livestock.
What are taxes?
A simple song, usually telling a story.
What is a ballad?
This is the office or position of the pope, the leader of the Christian Church, which held a lot of power during the Middle Ages and was a factor in the fall of the Roman Empire.
What is the papacy?
These people had extensive training that began at an early age, which went through stages including being a page and a squire.
What is a knight?
This allowed people to access books, leading to more people learning to read and write and becoming educated.
What is the printing press?
There was a need for these two things in the Middle Ages due to frequent uprisings, rebellions, and disputes among lords and kings, as well as among neighbors.
What are castles and knights?
A code of honor often connected to European knights of the Middle Ages.
What is chivalry?
This was the system of justice before the circuit court was developed by King Henry II, and it often involved people having to complete impossible, dangerous tasks.
What is trial by ordeal?
This group of people was respected members of society. They underwent extensive training while living with a master. They proceeded through stages whose names are still in use today: apprentice, journeyman, and master.
What is a craftsman?
Due to the tremendous growth in creativity, artistic achievements, and architecture, many of these can still be visited all over Europe today.
What are cathedrals?
These broke out frequently, contributing to the problems with the rapidly growing towns.
What are fires?
A deadly disease.
This is a royal head of state, especially a king, queen, or emperor who ruled over a land.
What is a monarch?
This role required excellent manners and for you to learn many skills, including learning to dance, sew, ride a horse, read, speak a foreign language, and practice archery. Your duties included caring for your mistress.
What is a Lady-in-Waiting?
The rise of the power and wealth of churches in Europe during the Middle Ages created these. One of the most well-known in England is Oxford.
What is a university?
This was spread by infected fleas on rodents in overcrowded towns during the Middle Ages.
What is the Black Death?
A person who learns a skill or trade by working with a skilled craftsman for a period of time.
What is an apprentice?
This was an important document that required even the kings to follow the country's laws and to consult with nobles before making new laws. It is the basis for many constitutions today.
What is Magna Carta?
This person had little power, often went without enough to eat, and worked for a lord, taking care of the land and livestock.
What is a serf?
These groups were a respected class who contributed to new opportunities for members of society, which also led to the dismantling of the feudal system.
What are merchants and craftsmen?
This system of government was created by Charles the Great and linked wealth, privilege, loyalty, and protection.
What is feudalism (or the feudal system)?
Well known for being bad.
What is infamous?