Verb Tenses
Choose the correct tense: “She _____ (study) English for three years.”
“She has studied English for three years.” (present perfect - action started in the past and continues to now)
“She has been studying English for three years.” (present perfect continuous - action started in the past and continues to now with emphasis on duration)
"She studied English for three years" (past simple - completed action in the past)
Complete with the correct verb form: “She admitted _____ (be) late.”
“She admitted being late.” (Admit is followed by a gerund (-ing).)
Complete with the correct article: “I bought __a/an_ umbrella.”
“I bought an umbrella.” (Use an before vowel sounds)
True or False: An independent clause can stand alone.
True (it expresses a complete idea)
How many independent clauses does a compound-complex sentence need?
Two or more (compound means at least two independent clauses)
Identify the error: “I was tired, I went to bed.”
Comma splice (two independent clauses joined only by a comma)
Which relative pronoun is appropriate here: “The person _____ called you is my friend.”
who or that (defining relative clause, so both are appropriate to describe a person)
Decide if the clause is defining or non-defining:
“My brother, who lives in Calgary, is visiting next week.”
Non-defining (the extra information (lives in Calgary) is not essential to understand who the subject is. It also uses commas)
What tense describes an action at a specific time in the past?
Simple past - used for completed actions with a definite time.
Which verb uses to + infinitive: promise, enjoy, or avoid?
Promise
When do we use no article?
A) When talking about general plural nouns
B) When talking about one specific object
C) When talking about the only object of its kind
A) When talking about general plural nouns
Identify as independent or dependent: “Because I was tired.”
Dependent clause (It begins with a subordinating conjunction and is an incomplete idea)
How many dependent clauses does a compound-complex need?
At least one (complex means it contains a dependent clause)
Fix the run-on sentence: “She loves coffee she drinks it every morning.”
Example: “She loves coffee, and she drinks it every morning.”
Which relative pronoun is appropriate here: “That’s the store _____ I bought my jacket.”
where (refers to a place where something happened/an activity occurred)
Choose the correct relative clause and punctuation:
“My classmates ____ are from Mexico are very friendly.”
A) , who
B) who
C) which
B) who (the relative clause "are from Mexico" tells us which classmates you are talking about, so this is a defining relative clause)
Correct this sentence “I am knowing the answer now.”
“I know the answer now.” (Know is a stative verb and does not take the continuous form)
Correct the sentence: “He suggested to go for a walk.”
“He suggested going for a walk.” (Suggest is followed by a gerund, not an infinitive)
Correct the sentence: “She is a best student.”
A: “She is the best student.” (Superlatives always use the)
What type of word often begins a dependent clause?
Subordinating conjunctions. (words like “although” or “because”)
What is this sentence type:
“I cooked dinner, and she washed dishes while he studied.”
Compound-complex (two independent clauses + one dependent clause)
What is the sentence type, and is it correct?
“I tried to call you, but your phone was off.”
Compound sentence; yes! (two independent clauses joined with a comma + conjunction)
Identify the relative clause: “The book that you gave me was interesting.” Is it defining or non-defining?
"that you gave me” ; defining
Combine the sentences using a non-defining relative clause:
“I invited Sara to the party. She won the scholarship.”
“I invited Sara, who won the scholarship, to the party.” (the relative clause adds extra, non-essential information)
Identify the tense: “By the time you arrive, we will have finished dinner.”
Future perfect - shows an action completed before a future time
Complete with the correct verb form: “They put off _____ (make) a decision.”
“They put off making a decision.” (Put off is a phrasal verb. Phrasal verbs are followed by a gerund)
Complete with a correct article: “___ Mount Everest is the tallest mountain.”
No article(Single mountain names do not use an article)
Identify the dependent clause: “I couldn’t go out because I didn’t have money.”
“because I didn’t have money” (it cannot stand alone and explains the reason for the independent clause)
Combine the ideas into a compound-complex sentence:
I was late. My bus broke down. I called my boss.
Example: “I was late because my bus broke down, but I called my boss.”
Fix the comma splice: “The movie was long, I still enjoyed it.”
Example: “The movie was long, but I still enjoyed it.”
Correct the error: “She’s the woman which helped me.”
A: “She’s the woman who/that helped me.” (which cannot refer to people)
Correct the sentence so it becomes a defining relative clause: “My cousin, who is a doctor, works at the new hospital.”
"My cousin who is a doctor works at the new hospital.” (if you have more than one cousin, the information is essential, as it tells us which cousin you are talking about)
Complete the sentence with the correct tense:
“When I got to the party, everyone _____ (already/leave).”
“Everyone had already left.” (Past perfect - talks about an earlier past action before another past event)
Complete with the correct verb form: "She convinced me _____ (take) the class.”
“She convinced me to take the class.” (Verb + object + infinitive is the correct pattern here)
Why is there no article in: “I like music.”?
Uncountable nouns used in general take no article.
Make a sentence using: “Although it was raining”
“Although it was raining, S + V. (complete thought; contrast)"
Example:
"Although it was raining, we went outside with our friends"
Identify all clauses and say which are independent and which are dependent:
“Although she was nervous, she answered the questions, and she passed the test.”
Dependent: Although she was nervous
Independent: she answered the questions
Independent: she passed the test
Why is this a run-on sentence error:
“She finished her work she went home she cooked dinner.”
Because multiple independent clauses are not connected with conjunctions or punctuation
Combine using a relative clause: “The city is beautiful. I visited it last year.”
“The city that I visited last year is beautiful.” (The relative clause replaces the repeated noun (“the city”).)
Identify and correct the mistake: “People, who recycle their waste, help the environment.”
"People who recycle their waste help the environment.” (The relative clause information is essential to identify which people, so we remove the commas)