Photosynthesis
How does the light-dependent reaction convert solar energy into chemical energy into chemical energy?
It captures sunlight with chlorophyll and uses the energy to make ATP and NADPH, which store chemical energy for the Calvin Cycle.
What process changes water vapor into clouds?
Condensation
Which plant part tranporrs water?
Xylem
Which soil layer contains the most humus?
Topsoil
What protects the embryo inside a seed?
Seed coat
Why is chlorophyll essential for photosynthesis, and why are plants green instead of black?
Chlorophyll absorbs mostly red and blue light but reflects green light, making plants appear green. It is essential because it captures sunlight energy.
What is it called when water falls from the clouds to Earth.
Precipitaion
Which plant tissue carries food?
Phloem
which type of soil holds the most water?
Clay soil
What part of the seed stores food?
Cotyledon
How do the structures of chloroplasts help photosynthesis happen efficiently?
Chloroplasts contains stacked thylakoids that increase surface area for loght absorption and reaction.
The Sun heats water and causes evaporation.
What part of the root absorbs water?
Root hairs
Which soil type drains water the fastest.
Sandy Soil
What process begins when a seed starts growing?
germination
What is the difference between the light-dependent reactions and the Calivin Cycle?
Light-dependent reactions need sunlight and produce ATP and NADPH. The Calvin Cycle uses those molecules to make glucose.
What happens during evaporation?
Liquid water changes into water vapor.
What controls gas exchange in leaves?
Stomata
What is humus is made from?
Decayed plants ans animals
What does a seed need first Gemination
Water
How does ATP synthase work during photosynthesis?
ATP synthase uses the movement of hydrogen ions across the thylakoid membrane to produce ATP.
How does water return to the oceans after it rains?
Through runoff and rivers.
Which layer protects the outside of the a plant?
Epidermis
What helps make soil fertile?
Nutrients
What part of the embryo becomes the root?
Radicle