Clinical Psychology
Period of supervised training in provision of psychological services that is a requirement of the doctoral degree; typically in the final year of training
Internship/Residency
Difference between assessment and testing
Test is one measure
Assessment is an integration of multiple measures/interviews/sources of information
The difference between open and closed questions
Open questions allow elaborate responses
Closed questions can be answered with a single word (yes/no)
Personality tests that always use the same scoring system are called:
Objective personality tests
Name four of the main professional activities of clinical psychologists in the US
1. provide psychological services 2. prevention 3. consultation with other professionals/agencies 4. research 5. teaching 6. providing clinical training/supervision 7. administration 8. writing
Name of a research format where details of a single unit (person, couple, class, etc.) are given to describe a new or rare observation
Case Study
A listening skill that involves giving a brief review of several topics covered during a session
Summarization
When a person meets criteria for two or more disorders at a specific point in time
Comorbidity
Give two pros and two cons for the implications of defining abnormal behavior/giving diagnoses
PROS: Can be required to get certain services; May be required for insurance reimbursements; Mental disorders, even mild, could cause risk for impaired function and should be represented.
CONS: Diagnostic systems may overdiagnose mental disorders; Stigma of diagnosis; Potential for inaccurate diagnosis
Difference between internal and external validity
Internal validity - the extent to which the interpretations drawn from the results of a study can be justified and alternative interpretations can be reasonably ruled out
External validity - the extent to which the interpretations drawn from the results of a study can be generalized beyond the narrow boundaries of the specific study
The four subscales of the WAIS-IV
Verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, processing speed
A type of reliability that measures the extent to which similar results would be obtained if the test was conducted by another evaluator
Inter-rater reliability
Difference between categorical and dimensional approach to classification
Categorical: entity determined to be member of category or not
Dimensional: differ in extent to which they possess certain characteristics or properties (continuum to indicate degree of membership)
Three threats to internal validity
history, maturation, testing, instrumentation, statistical regression, selection biases, attrition
Three types of validity scales designed to detect whether a person is answering a certain way
faking good, faking bad, or responding randomly (*we want to look at these first to evaluate if the test results are valid!*)
Type of design that involves some form of manipulation by the researcher but does not involve random assignment to experimental conditions
Quasi-experimental designs
Three other mental health professions other than clinical psychologist and a primary role of this position
1. Counseling Psychologist (treat mental health disorders, usually less severe problems)
2. School Psychologist (assessment of intellectual and adaptive school functioning)
3. Psychiatry (diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental illness emphasizing biological functioning/abnormalities; prescribe medication),
4. Clinical Social Work (case/program management, therapy, research consultation, policy development)
A type of test construction that involves developing items specifically designed to tap the construct being assessed
Content Approach
What is a case formulation and how do we develop one
Case formulation gives broader picture of current functioning and how one’s history and current life may affect how they may function in the future
Assessed through collecting information from multiple sources (if possible) and making hypotheses about how problems are developed and are maintained
When findings suggest that a treatment has been shown to work in real-world conditions
Effectiveness