Seizure School
Seizure type seen as diffuse or generalized low amplitude paroxysmal fast activity which may start with a high amplitude spike wave discharge.
What is a tonic seizure?
Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine, Oxcarbazepine, and sodium valproate are commonly used for this seizure type.
What are generalized tonic clonic seizures?
Generalized, lateralized, bilateral independent or multifocal are the main terms to describe an EEG in what setting?
What is the ICU cEEG?
This type of imaging shows increased blood flow during a seizure.
What is a SPECT scan?
The following seizure types occur in this age of onset: early myoclonic encephalopathy, Otahara syndrome, West Syndrome, Dravet Syndrome and myoclonic encephalopathy in non-progressive disorders.
What is the neonatal and infantile age group?
Placed in a craniotomy incision, typically used in a 4X4 or 8X8 arrangement, spaced at 5-10 mm apart.
What are grid electrodes?
Generalized spike wave discharge followed by attenuation, accompanied by a loss of motor activity.
What is an atonic seizure?
Sodium valproate is commonly used as the primary treatment for this seizure type.
What are tonic and atonic seizures?
The ACNS preferred method for adhering electrodes during cEEG or LTME.
What is collodion?
This type of imaging shows a decrease in metabolism of glucose following a seizure or in areas of cortical irritation.
What is a PET scan?
These seizure types occur in this age group: Epilepsy with myoclonic atonic seizures, Lennox Gaustaut, Panayiotopoulos syndrome, Landau Kleffner syndrome.
Rows of leads placed in a burr hole incision typically in a 1x4 or 2x8 section, used for monitoring a small area of cortical activity.
What are strip electrodes?
EEG shows a generalized spike wave or a polyspike wave in most instances. Clinically the patient has a rapid, brief muscle contraction.
What is a myoclonic seizure?
Ethosuximide, Lamotrigine, and Sodium Valproate are common first line of treatment for this seizure type.
What are absence seizures?
These electrodes record activity from the mesial temporal or anterior aspects of the temporal lobe in the region of the foramen ovale.
What are sphenoidal electrodes?
This type of imaging is performed to assess a very specific part of brain tissue to find the specific epileptogenic focus.
What is MRS?
This grouping of seizure syndromes affects persons of a certain age group: Juvenile absence epilepsy, Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, autosomal dominant epilepsy with auditory features.
What are juveniles?
Special type of electrode placed in the mesial temporal lobe to evaluated temporal lobe epilepsy.
What are sphenoidal leads?
EEG typically shows a high amplitude triphasic sharp or slow wave followed by a low amplitude fast activity and voltage attenuation.
Clinically observed symptoms include: violent, brief muscle flexion or extension of proximal and truncal muscles.
What are epileptic spasms?
Levetiracetam, sodium valproate and topiramate are common first line therapy for this seizure type.
What are myoclonic seizures?
These electrodes should not be used due to irritation and superiority of other leads ability to record similar structures and locations.
What are nasopharyngeal electrodes?
This type of imaging is used to locate the eloquent cortex or areas of the brain responsible for sensory, motor, language and memory activities.
What is MEG?
This childhood epilepsy syndrome has the best prognosis.
What is Panayiotopoulos Syndrome?
EEG demonstrates generalized spike wave discharges ranging from 3 to 6 Hz. These seizures produce staring spells that may be accompanied by abnormal movements or automatisms.
What are absence seizures?
What are focal seizures?
These electrodes are placed through a craniotomy and cover between 4 to 64 contact points approximately 0.5 to 1 cm apart.
This type of imaging is a functional imaging test requiring an injection of sodium amobarbital directly into the carotid artery. One hemisphere of the brain is put to sleep for a few minutes. The greatest risk is a stroke.
What is WADA?
These seizure types can occur at this specific age of onset: familial focal epilepsy, reflex epilepsies and progressive myoclonus epilepsy.
What is any age?
Must be able to record 24 hours and accommodate 32-64 channels of EEG.
What are the minimum requirements of equipment for monitoring long term EEG?