The Neuroscience of Consciousness
Toddlers (~18 months) can reliably pass which psychological test for self-awareness?
Mirror test for self-awareness
Name the literary practice that involves the suspension of disbelief.
Fiction
What legal document allows individuals to dictate their medical treatment preferences in advance, especially if they become incapacitated and cannot communicate their wishes?
Advanced Directive
According to Professor Kristal, the medical experiments, Marie's affair, and the captain's abuse represent what? In which play?
They are representative of Woyzcek’s deteriorating mind and life.
In Act. 4, Scene 6, p. 244, Lear contemplates, "Through tatter'd clothes small vices do appear; Robes and furr'd gowns hide all." What does this quote mean?
Lear's observation reflects the unfair judgment often passed onto the poor or those of lower social standing. When people are dressed in tattered or less affluent clothing, even minor faults or mistakes become prominently visible, leading to presumptions of guilt or moral shortcomings.
High-volume activity in cholinergic neurons in the brain is associated with which of the following: REM sleep OR slow wave sleep?
REM sleep
In King Lear, the storm is a _________ for Lear's mental state.
Metaphor
The following approaches to personal autonomy, evidentiary, integrity, and precedent autonomy, are associated with which philosopher?
Ronald Dworkin
What did the idea of a "Naturphilosophie,” which emerged in the 18th and 19th centuries," propose about the mind-body problem?
In the natural world, matter and spirit are as inseparable as body and mind.
Consider these lines from Woyzeck:
___________
Captain: Woyzeck, you’ve got no virtue.
Woyzeck: Yes, Cap’n, virtue! Us common
people, we don’t have virtue, we act like
nature tells us—but if I was a gentleman, and
had a hat and a watch and an overcoat and
could talk refined, the I’d be virtuous too.
___________
According to Professor Kristal’s lecture, what is his analysis regarding this interaction between Woyzceck and the Captain?
Woyzeck's statement underscores the perceived inequality in how virtues are attributed based on one's social status rather than expressed moral qualities.
Fill in the blank: Chimpanzees _____ pass the mirror test, while gorillas ____ pass the mirror test?
[do not] [do]
Chimpanzees DO pass the mirror test, while gorillas DO NOT pass the mirror test.
What realization does Lear arrive at regarding his past actions as a ruler?
Lear realizes that he neglected his own people, even as he was considered a successful 'politician' and 'military man.'
Which philosopher emphasizes the value of experiential interests over critical interests, especially in cases involving individuals with dementia?
Agnieszka Jaworska
What is the hard problem at hand in Tom Stoppard's The Hard Problem?
The "hard problem" refers to the challenge of explaining how and why subjective experiences emerge from the physical brain processes.
Who says the following:
“I missed her like half of me from the first
day, and the worst thing was, there was literaly
nothing I could give her, do for her, she’d just
gone, and then I thought up something I could
do, just to be good, so that in return, someone,
God, I suppose, would look after her.”
----
Who are they talking about? In what context/play?
Hilary is talking about her feelings after giving up her baby for adoption. She expresses the deep sense of loss and regret of not being able to care for her child, and her hope that by doing good deeds, some form of care or protection might be provided for her baby, possibly from a higher power like God.
In order to assess the level of consciousness in comatose patients, Professor Knowlton described a method in which scientists prompt patients to use mental imagery to respond to questions. Scientists use what tool to do this?
fMRI
Name three accelerators for Lear's mental breakdown:
• Dementia
• The realizations of his political failures
• Cordelia’s ‘betrayal’
Under Dworkin's ideas of self-hood and autonomy, he posits that critical interests have a _____________ quality to them.
Evaluative
True or False: In the Hard Problem by Tom Stoppard, Amal embodies the struggle between scientific rationality and spirituality, while Spike is more practical, self-interested, and has little time for moral queries.
False
What does Spike in the Hard Problem mean when he says, "Think Raphael's Madonna and Child, which I personally call 'Woman Maximizing Gene Survival.'"
What does this reveal about his larger philosophical views?
In reference to Raphael's "Madonna and Child" painting, Spike seems to diminish the significance of the artwork's emotional or religious aspects. He reduces the artistic and spiritual "essence" of the painting to suggest that all human behavior -- including art -- can be reduced to biological considerations for survival and reproduction.
Theta waves, sleep spindles, and K complexes are all observable in ___________ recordings during sleep.
EEG Recordings
According to Shakespearean-era medical knowledge, what three functions of the brain were associated with the three ventricle framework?
Reason, Imagination, and Memory
Jaworska believes that some patients with cognitive illness are still able generate or express their values because of a ________________ engagement that persists, despite their cognitive decline.
Emotional engagement
In the hard problem, Spike represents the 'evolutionary biology' position on human self-interest, while Hillary holds a belief in unselfishness as goodness without a hidden agenda -- another term for this is:
Altruism
According to Professor Kristal's lecture, what is the most challenging speech in the entire King Lear play? Why? (Provide the Act and Scene #)
Professor Kristal identifies Act 4, Scene 6 of King Lear as the most challenging because by this point, Lear's madness has reached its peak. Herein Lear's madness amplifies his perception, and allows him to grapple with his own culpability as king, acknowledging his errors while confronting the unfairness of his fate.