Central Rays
Patient/Part Position
Breathing
Corrective Action
Pathology
100
Perpendicular passing through the midsagittal plane at the level of T7
What is the CR for a PA projection of the chest?
100
MSP perpendicular to IR. Shoulders rotated forward.
What is PA and/or AP projection of the chest?
100
Suspend on second full inspiration for all chest projections
What is to visualize 10 posterior ribs above diaphragm?
100
In a AP lower ribs projection ribs 11 & 12 are projected below the diaphragm.
What is projection was taken on inspiration. Expose at the end of expiration?
100
collection of gas within the pleural space
What is a pneumothorax?
200
Perpendicular and horizontal at the level of the iliac crests.
What is the CR for an AP or PA lateral decubitus projection of the abdomen?
200
True lateral. Shoulders rotated posteriorly.
What is lateral projection of the sternum?
200
Suspend at the end of expiration for lower ribs projections
What is to visualize ribs 8-12 below the diaphragm?
200
In an AP supine projection of the abdomen the symphysis pubis is not seen in the image.
What is the CR was centered too superiorly. Adjust the CR to be perpendicular at the level of the iliac crests?
200
used to describe a pleural effusion due to an accumulation of blood
What is a hemothorax?
300
Perpendicular to a longitudinal plane passing midway between the midsagittal plane and the lateral surface of the body at the level of T7
What is the CR for an AP oblique projection of the upper ribs?
300
MCP perpendicular to IR. MSP parallel to IR. Arms elevated.
What is lateral projection of the chest?
300
Suspend on full inspiration for upper ribs projections
What is to visualize ribs 1-10 above the diaphragm?
300
In a PA oblique projection of the sternum the right SC joint and part of the manubrium are superimposed by the vertebral column.
What is the patient was not adequately rotated. Rotate the patient until the midcoronal plane is angled 15-20 degrees with the table?
300
distended bowel visualized on x-rays with air/fluid levels demonstrated
What is bowel obstruction?(small or large)
400
Perpendicular to the MSP at the level of the midsternum
What is the CR for an AP axial projection of the pulmonary apices? (lordotic position)
400
Patient rotated 15-20 degrees.
What is PA oblique projection of the sternum?
400
Slow, shallow breaths for the PA oblique projection of the sternum
What is to blur pulmonary markings?
400
The left sternal clavicular end is visualized farther from the vertebral column than the right. Both scapulae are demonstrated in the lung fields.
What is the patient is rotated, left side farther from the IR than the right, and the shoulders are not protracted. Rotate the chest until the midcoronal plane is parallel with the IR (rotate left side toward IR) and rotate both shoulders anteriorly?
400
Twisting of the bowel on itself - may lead to intestinal obstruction
What is volvulus?
500
Perpendicular entering the elevated side of the posterior thorax at the level of T7 and approximately 1” lateral to the midsagittal plane.
What is the CR for a PA oblique projection of the sternum (RAO position)?
500
MSP perpendicular to IR. Patients arms not touching sides of body.
What is AP supine, AP upright and KUB projection of the abdomen?
500
Suspend at the end of expiration for all abdomen projections
What is to even out abdominal densities and prevent motion artifact?
500
In a lateral chest projection the hemidiaphragms are not superimposed and the intervertebral disk spaces for T9-T11 are not open.
What is the patient is tilted, the hips are closer to IR than shoulders. Move the patients hips away from the IR until the midsagittal plane is parallel to the IR?
500
Telescoping of one part of the intestinal tract into another because of peristalsis
What is intususseption?
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