Statistical Concepts Part I
Counselors are ethically responsible to ____________ to understand research as it applies to practice, evaluate changes in clients, measure outcomes, demonstrate accountability, and conduct assessment.
a) become experts in statistics
b) refer to statisticians for all things related to assessment
c) become competent consumers of statistics
c) become competent consumers of statistics
T-score and Z-scores are examples this, the number of standard deviations by which the value of a raw scores is above or below the mean value of what is being measured.
_____ are tests that predict potential.
a) aptitude
b) achievement
c) intelligence
a) aptitude
The GAD-7 is an assessment for symptoms of _____
a) major depression
b) general anxiety
c) phobias
b) general anxiety
True or False: In structured interviews, counselors can be flexible with how they ask questions.
False
________ is the average distance of test scores from the mean/average score
a) Variability
b) Standard Deviation
c) Correlation
b) Standard Deviation
A culture-fair test is one that
a) is based on common human experience and considered to be relatively unbiased, and designed to apply across social lines for equity among people from different backgrounds
b) has undergone rigorous psychometric testing so it can be used in different language translations
a) is based on common human experience and considered to be relatively unbiased, and designed to apply across social lines for equity among people from different backgrounds
____ are tests that give you the current accomplishments, what has been learned, or the level of performance achieved up to this point in time.
a) aptitude
b) acheivement
c) intelligence
b) achievement
Thwarted belongingness and ______ comprise proximal risk factors of desire for suicide.
a) acquired capabiltiy for suicide
b) fearlessness of death
c) perceived burdensomeness
c) perceived burdensomeness
This is a standard procedure for observing and describing a client's mental state.
Mental Status Exam
_______ are used to reach conclusions that extend beyond the immediate data alone.
a) Inferential statistics
b) Descriptive statistics
c) Disco statistics
b) Inferential statistics
True or False: A test can be valid without being reliable.
False
a) Power tests
b) speed tests
c) intelligence tests
c) intelligence tests
True or False: depression presents differently among older adults
True
AAOx4 means "alert and oriented to time, place, person, and ____"
a) space
b) event/purpose
c) awake
b) event/purpose
A Likert scale is what type of scale of measurement?
a) Nominal
b) Ordinal
c) Interval
d) Ratio
Ordinal
This describes whether the claims and decisions made on the basis of assessment results are sound, meaningful, and useful for the intended purpose of the results.
a) usefulness
b) validity
c) specificity
b) validity
It's the phenomenon that happens when a client scores exceptionally low or exceptionally high on a test, the client with the low score will go up on the next administration; while the client with the high score will go down toward the mean on the next administration.
regression to the mean
Level 1 Cross-Cutting symptom measures of the DSM-5-TR are used for what purpose?
a) diagnosing a personality disorder
b) helping clinicians identify areas of inquiry that may impact a client's treatment
c) diagnosing depression
b) helping clinicians identify areas of inquiry that may impact a client's treatment
True or false: clinical assessments are also counseling interventions
True
a) Normal
b) Positively skewed
c) Negative skewed
b) Positively skewed
These types of instruments are comparing others on an established standard, rather than to others on the same instrument.
a) criterion-referenced
b) norm-referenced
a) criterion-referenced
True or False: Career counseling is mental health counseling.
True
The PHQ-9, the BDI-II, the CES-D, and the HAM-D are all measures of ______
a) depression
b) anxiety
c) eating disorders
a) depression
a) if the client knows where they are
b) if the client is experiencing hallucinations
c) if the client knows why they need treatment
b) if the client is experiencing hallucinations
Little Susie Walker (walkin' down the street) took a test to assess her aptitude to become a fighter pilot, administered to her by her career counselor at the university counseling center. When her counselor discussed the results, she told Susie that her scores were in the 98th percentile. What does this mean?
-her score was equal to or higher than 98% of the people who took the test
-her scores were two standard deviations higher than the mean
-she likely has the aptitude to become a fighter pilot